// Copyright 2019 yuzu Emulator Project
// Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
// Refer to the license.txt file included.
#include <cstring>
#include <memory>
#include <optional>
#include <utility>
#include "common/alignment.h"
#include "common/assert.h"
#include "common/common_types.h"
#include "common/div_ceil.h"
#include "video_core/host_shaders/astc_decoder_comp_spv.h"
#include "video_core/host_shaders/vulkan_quad_indexed_comp_spv.h"
#include "video_core/host_shaders/vulkan_uint8_comp_spv.h"
#include "video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_compute_pass.h"
#include "video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_descriptor_pool.h"
#include "video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_scheduler.h"
#include "video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_staging_buffer_pool.h"
#include "video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_texture_cache.h"
#include "video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_update_descriptor.h"
#include "video_core/texture_cache/accelerated_swizzle.h"
#include "video_core/texture_cache/types.h"
#include "video_core/textures/astc.h"
#include "video_core/textures/decoders.h"
#include "video_core/vulkan_common/vulkan_device.h"
#include "video_core/vulkan_common/vulkan_wrapper.h"
namespace Vulkan {
using Tegra::Texture::SWIZZLE_TABLE;
using Tegra::Texture::ASTC::ASTC_ENCODINGS_VALUES;
using namespace Tegra::Texture::ASTC;
namespace {
constexpr u32 ASTC_BINDING_INPUT_BUFFER = 0;
constexpr u32 ASTC_BINDING_ENC_BUFFER = 1;
constexpr u32 ASTC_BINDING_SWIZZLE_BUFFER = 2;
constexpr u32 ASTC_BINDING_OUTPUT_IMAGE = 3;
constexpr size_t ASTC_NUM_BINDINGS = 4;
VkPushConstantRange BuildComputePushConstantRange(std::size_t size) {
return {
.stageFlags = VK_SHADER_STAGE_COMPUTE_BIT,
.offset = 0,
.size = static_cast<u32>(size),
};
}
std::array<VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding, 2> BuildInputOutputDescriptorSetBindings() {
return {{
{
.binding = 0,
.descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER,
.descriptorCount = 1,
.stageFlags = VK_SHADER_STAGE_COMPUTE_BIT,
.pImmutableSamplers = nullptr,
},
{
.binding = 1,
.descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER,
.descriptorCount = 1,
.stageFlags = VK_SHADER_STAGE_COMPUTE_BIT,
.pImmutableSamplers = nullptr,
},
}};
}
std::array<VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding, ASTC_NUM_BINDINGS> BuildASTCDescriptorSetBindings() {
return {{
{
.binding = ASTC_BINDING_INPUT_BUFFER,
.descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER,
.descriptorCount = 1,
.stageFlags = VK_SHADER_STAGE_COMPUTE_BIT,
.pImmutableSamplers = nullptr,
},
{
.binding = ASTC_BINDING_ENC_BUFFER,
.descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER,
.descriptorCount = 1,
.stageFlags = VK_SHADER_STAGE_COMPUTE_BIT,
.pImmutableSamplers = nullptr,
},
{
.binding = ASTC_BINDING_SWIZZLE_BUFFER,
.descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER,
.descriptorCount = 1,
.stageFlags = VK_SHADER_STAGE_COMPUTE_BIT,
.pImmutableSamplers = nullptr,
},
{
.binding = ASTC_BINDING_OUTPUT_IMAGE,
.descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_IMAGE,
.descriptorCount = 1,
.stageFlags = VK_SHADER_STAGE_COMPUTE_BIT,
.pImmutableSamplers = nullptr,
},
}};
}
VkDescriptorUpdateTemplateEntryKHR BuildInputOutputDescriptorUpdateTemplate() {
return {
.dstBinding = 0,
.dstArrayElement = 0,
.descriptorCount = 2,
.descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER,
.offset = 0,
.stride = sizeof(DescriptorUpdateEntry),
};
}
std::array<VkDescriptorUpdateTemplateEntryKHR, ASTC_NUM_BINDINGS>
BuildASTCPassDescriptorUpdateTemplateEntry() {
return {{
{
.dstBinding = ASTC_BINDING_INPUT_BUFFER,
.dstArrayElement = 0,
.descriptorCount = 1,
.descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER,
.offset = ASTC_BINDING_INPUT_BUFFER * sizeof(DescriptorUpdateEntry),
.stride = sizeof(DescriptorUpdateEntry),
},
{
.dstBinding = ASTC_BINDING_ENC_BUFFER,
.dstArrayElement = 0,
.descriptorCount = 1,
.descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER,
.offset = ASTC_BINDING_ENC_BUFFER * sizeof(DescriptorUpdateEntry),
.stride = sizeof(DescriptorUpdateEntry),
},
{
.dstBinding = ASTC_BINDING_SWIZZLE_BUFFER,
.dstArrayElement = 0,
.descriptorCount = 1,
.descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER,
.offset = ASTC_BINDING_SWIZZLE_BUFFER * sizeof(DescriptorUpdateEntry),
.stride = sizeof(DescriptorUpdateEntry),
},
{
.dstBinding = ASTC_BINDING_OUTPUT_IMAGE,
.dstArrayElement = 0,
.descriptorCount = 1,
.descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_IMAGE,
.offset = ASTC_BINDING_OUTPUT_IMAGE * sizeof(DescriptorUpdateEntry),
.stride = sizeof(DescriptorUpdateEntry),
},
}};
}
struct AstcPushConstants {
std::array<u32, 2> blocks_dims;
u32 bytes_per_block_log2;
u32 layer_stride;
u32 block_size;
u32 x_shift;
u32 block_height;
u32 block_height_mask;
};
} // Anonymous namespace
VKComputePass::VKComputePass(const Device& device, VKDescriptorPool& descriptor_pool,
vk::Span<VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding> bindings,
vk::Span<VkDescriptorUpdateTemplateEntryKHR> templates,
vk::Span<VkPushConstantRange> push_constants,
std::span<const u32> code) {
descriptor_set_layout = device.GetLogical().CreateDescriptorSetLayout({
.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_INFO,
.pNext = nullptr,
.flags = 0,
.bindingCount = bindings.size(),
.pBindings = bindings.data(),
});
layout = device.GetLogical().CreatePipelineLayout({
.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_LAYOUT_CREATE_INFO,
.pNext = nullptr,
.flags = 0,
.setLayoutCount = 1,
.pSetLayouts = descriptor_set_layout.address(),
.pushConstantRangeCount = push_constants.size(),
.pPushConstantRanges = push_constants.data(),
});
if (!templates.empty()) {
descriptor_template = device.GetLogical().CreateDescriptorUpdateTemplateKHR({
.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_UPDATE_TEMPLATE_CREATE_INFO_KHR,
.pNext = nullptr,
.flags = 0,
.descriptorUpdateEntryCount = templates.size(),
.pDescriptorUpdateEntries = templates.data(),
.templateType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_UPDATE_TEMPLATE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_KHR,
.descriptorSetLayout = *descriptor_set_layout,
.pipelineBindPoint = VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS,
.pipelineLayout = *layout,
.set = 0,
});
descriptor_allocator.emplace(descriptor_pool, *descriptor_set_layout);
}
module = device.GetLogical().CreateShaderModule({
.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SHADER_MODULE_CREATE_INFO,
.pNext = nullptr,
.flags = 0,
.codeSize = static_cast<u32>(code.size_bytes()),
.pCode = code.data(),
});
pipeline = device.GetLogical().CreateComputePipeline({
.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMPUTE_PIPELINE_CREATE_INFO,
.pNext = nullptr,
.flags = 0,
.stage =
{
.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_SHADER_STAGE_CREATE_INFO,
.pNext = nullptr,
.flags = 0,
.stage = VK_SHADER_STAGE_COMPUTE_BIT,
.module = *module,
.pName = "main",
.pSpecializationInfo = nullptr,
},
.layout = *layout,
.basePipelineHandle = nullptr,
.basePipelineIndex = 0,
});
}
VKComputePass::~VKComputePass() = default;
VkDescriptorSet VKComputePass::CommitDescriptorSet(
VKUpdateDescriptorQueue& update_descriptor_queue) {
if (!descriptor_template) {
return nullptr;
}
const VkDescriptorSet set = descriptor_allocator->Commit();
update_descriptor_queue.Send(*descriptor_template, set);
return set;
}
Uint8Pass::Uint8Pass(const Device& device, VKScheduler& scheduler_,
VKDescriptorPool& descriptor_pool, StagingBufferPool& staging_buffer_pool_,
VKUpdateDescriptorQueue& update_descriptor_queue_)
: VKComputePass(device, descriptor_pool, BuildInputOutputDescriptorSetBindings(),
BuildInputOutputDescriptorUpdateTemplate(), {}, VULKAN_UINT8_COMP_SPV),
scheduler{scheduler_}, staging_buffer_pool{staging_buffer_pool_},
update_descriptor_queue{update_descriptor_queue_} {}
Uint8Pass::~Uint8Pass() = default;
std::pair<VkBuffer, VkDeviceSize> Uint8Pass::Assemble(u32 num_vertices, VkBuffer src_buffer,
u32 src_offset) {
const u32 staging_size = static_cast<u32>(num_vertices * sizeof(u16));
const auto staging = staging_buffer_pool.Request(staging_size, MemoryUsage::DeviceLocal);
update_descriptor_queue.Acquire();
update_descriptor_queue.AddBuffer(src_buffer, src_offset, num_vertices);
update_descriptor_queue.AddBuffer(staging.buffer, staging.offset, staging_size);
const VkDescriptorSet set = CommitDescriptorSet(update_descriptor_queue);
scheduler.RequestOutsideRenderPassOperationContext();
scheduler.Record([layout = *layout, pipeline = *pipeline, buffer = staging.buffer, set,
num_vertices](vk::CommandBuffer cmdbuf) {
static constexpr u32 DISPATCH_SIZE = 1024;
static constexpr VkMemoryBarrier WRITE_BARRIER{
.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MEMORY_BARRIER,
.pNext = nullptr,
.srcAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_SHADER_WRITE_BIT,
.dstAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_VERTEX_ATTRIBUTE_READ_BIT,
};
cmdbuf.BindPipeline(VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_COMPUTE, pipeline);
cmdbuf.BindDescriptorSets(VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_COMPUTE, layout, 0, set, {});
cmdbuf.Dispatch(Common::DivCeil(num_vertices, DISPATCH_SIZE), 1, 1);
cmdbuf.PipelineBarrier(VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COMPUTE_SHADER_BIT,
VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_VERTEX_INPUT_BIT, 0, WRITE_BARRIER);
});
return {staging.buffer, staging.offset};
}
QuadIndexedPass::QuadIndexedPass(const Device& device_, VKScheduler& scheduler_,
VKDescriptorPool& descriptor_pool_,
StagingBufferPool& staging_buffer_pool_,
VKUpdateDescriptorQueue& update_descriptor_queue_)
: VKComputePass(device_, descriptor_pool_, BuildInputOutputDescriptorSetBindings(),
BuildInputOutputDescriptorUpdateTemplate(),
BuildComputePushConstantRange(sizeof(u32) * 2), VULKAN_QUAD_INDEXED_COMP_SPV),
scheduler{scheduler_}, staging_buffer_pool{staging_buffer_pool_},
update_descriptor_queue{update_descriptor_queue_} {}
QuadIndexedPass::~QuadIndexedPass() = default;
std::pair<VkBuffer, VkDeviceSize> QuadIndexedPass::Assemble(
Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D::Regs::IndexFormat index_format, u32 num_vertices, u32 base_vertex,
VkBuffer src_buffer, u32 src_offset) {
const u32 index_shift = [index_format] {
switch (index_format) {
case Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D::Regs::IndexFormat::UnsignedByte:
return 0;
case Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D::Regs::IndexFormat::UnsignedShort:
return 1;
case Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D::Regs::IndexFormat::UnsignedInt:
return 2;
}
UNREACHABLE();
return 2;
}();
const u32 input_size = num_vertices << index_shift;
const u32 num_tri_vertices = (num_vertices / 4) * 6;
const std::size_t staging_size = num_tri_vertices * sizeof(u32);
const auto staging = staging_buffer_pool.Request(staging_size, MemoryUsage::DeviceLocal);
update_descriptor_queue.Acquire();
update_descriptor_queue.AddBuffer(src_buffer, src_offset, input_size);
update_descriptor_queue.AddBuffer(staging.buffer, staging.offset, staging_size);
const VkDescriptorSet set = CommitDescriptorSet(update_descriptor_queue);
scheduler.RequestOutsideRenderPassOperationContext();
scheduler.Record([layout = *layout, pipeline = *pipeline, buffer = staging.buffer, set,
num_tri_vertices, base_vertex, index_shift](vk::CommandBuffer cmdbuf) {
static constexpr u32 DISPATCH_SIZE = 1024;
static constexpr VkMemoryBarrier WRITE_BARRIER{
.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MEMORY_BARRIER,
.pNext = nullptr,
.srcAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_SHADER_WRITE_BIT,
.dstAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_VERTEX_ATTRIBUTE_READ_BIT,
};
const std::array push_constants = {base_vertex, index_shift};
cmdbuf.BindPipeline(VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_COMPUTE, pipeline);
cmdbuf.BindDescriptorSets(VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_COMPUTE, layout, 0, set, {});
cmdbuf.PushConstants(layout, VK_SHADER_STAGE_COMPUTE_BIT, 0, sizeof(push_constants),
&push_constants);
cmdbuf.Dispatch(Common::DivCeil(num_tri_vertices, DISPATCH_SIZE), 1, 1);
cmdbuf.PipelineBarrier(VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COMPUTE_SHADER_BIT,
VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_VERTEX_INPUT_BIT, 0, WRITE_BARRIER);
});
return {staging.buffer, staging.offset};
}
ASTCDecoderPass::ASTCDecoderPass(const Device& device_, VKScheduler& scheduler_,
VKDescriptorPool& descriptor_pool_,
StagingBufferPool& staging_buffer_pool_,
VKUpdateDescriptorQueue& update_descriptor_queue_,
MemoryAllocator& memory_allocator_)
: VKComputePass(device_, descriptor_pool_, BuildASTCDescriptorSetBindings(),
BuildASTCPassDescriptorUpdateTemplateEntry(),
BuildComputePushConstantRange(sizeof(AstcPushConstants)),
ASTC_DECODER_COMP_SPV),
device{device_}, scheduler{scheduler_}, staging_buffer_pool{staging_buffer_pool_},
update_descriptor_queue{update_descriptor_queue_}, memory_allocator{memory_allocator_} {}
ASTCDecoderPass::~ASTCDecoderPass() = default;
void ASTCDecoderPass::MakeDataBuffer() {
constexpr size_t TOTAL_BUFFER_SIZE = sizeof(ASTC_ENCODINGS_VALUES) + sizeof(SWIZZLE_TABLE);
data_buffer = device.GetLogical().CreateBuffer(VkBufferCreateInfo{
.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_CREATE_INFO,
.pNext = nullptr,
.flags = 0,
.size = TOTAL_BUFFER_SIZE,
.usage = VK_BUFFER_USAGE_STORAGE_BUFFER_BIT | VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT,
.sharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE,
.queueFamilyIndexCount = 0,
.pQueueFamilyIndices = nullptr,
});
data_buffer_commit = memory_allocator.Commit(data_buffer, MemoryUsage::Upload);
const auto staging_ref = staging_buffer_pool.Request(TOTAL_BUFFER_SIZE, MemoryUsage::Upload);
std::memcpy(staging_ref.mapped_span.data(), &ASTC_ENCODINGS_VALUES,
sizeof(ASTC_ENCODINGS_VALUES));
// Tack on the swizzle table at the end of the buffer
std::memcpy(staging_ref.mapped_span.data() + sizeof(ASTC_ENCODINGS_VALUES), &SWIZZLE_TABLE,
sizeof(SWIZZLE_TABLE));
scheduler.Record([src = staging_ref.buffer, offset = staging_ref.offset, dst = *data_buffer,
TOTAL_BUFFER_SIZE](vk::CommandBuffer cmdbuf) {
static constexpr VkMemoryBarrier write_barrier{
.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MEMORY_BARRIER,
.pNext = nullptr,
.srcAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_TRANSFER_WRITE_BIT,
.dstAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_SHADER_READ_BIT,
};
const VkBufferCopy copy{
.srcOffset = offset,
.dstOffset = 0,
.size = TOTAL_BUFFER_SIZE,
};
cmdbuf.CopyBuffer(src, dst, copy);
cmdbuf.PipelineBarrier(VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TRANSFER_BIT, VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COMPUTE_SHADER_BIT,
0, write_barrier);
});
}
void ASTCDecoderPass::Assemble(Image& image, const StagingBufferRef& map,
std::span<const VideoCommon::SwizzleParameters> swizzles) {
using namespace VideoCommon::Accelerated;
const std::array<u32, 2> block_dims{
VideoCore::Surface::DefaultBlockWidth(image.info.format),
VideoCore::Surface::DefaultBlockHeight(image.info.format),
};
scheduler.RequestOutsideRenderPassOperationContext();
if (!data_buffer) {
MakeDataBuffer();
}
const VkPipeline vk_pipeline = *pipeline;
const VkImageAspectFlags aspect_mask = image.AspectMask();
const VkImage vk_image = image.Handle();
const bool is_initialized = image.ExchangeInitialization();
scheduler.Record(
[vk_pipeline, vk_image, aspect_mask, is_initialized](vk::CommandBuffer cmdbuf) {
const VkImageMemoryBarrier image_barrier{
.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_MEMORY_BARRIER,
.pNext = nullptr,
.srcAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_SHADER_WRITE_BIT,
.dstAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_SHADER_READ_BIT | VK_ACCESS_SHADER_WRITE_BIT,
.oldLayout = is_initialized ? VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL : VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED,
.newLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL,
.srcQueueFamilyIndex = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED,
.dstQueueFamilyIndex = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED,
.image = vk_image,
.subresourceRange{
.aspectMask = aspect_mask,
.baseMipLevel = 0,
.levelCount = VK_REMAINING_MIP_LEVELS,
.baseArrayLayer = 0,
.layerCount = VK_REMAINING_ARRAY_LAYERS,
},
};
cmdbuf.PipelineBarrier(is_initialized ? VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT : 0,
VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COMPUTE_SHADER_BIT, 0, image_barrier);
cmdbuf.BindPipeline(VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_COMPUTE, vk_pipeline);
});
for (const VideoCommon::SwizzleParameters& swizzle : swizzles) {
const size_t input_offset = swizzle.buffer_offset + map.offset;
const u32 num_dispatches_x = Common::DivCeil(swizzle.num_tiles.width, 32U);
const u32 num_dispatches_y = Common::DivCeil(swizzle.num_tiles.height, 32U);
const u32 num_dispatches_z = image.info.resources.layers;
update_descriptor_queue.Acquire();
update_descriptor_queue.AddBuffer(map.buffer, input_offset,
image.guest_size_bytes - swizzle.buffer_offset);
update_descriptor_queue.AddBuffer(*data_buffer, 0, sizeof(ASTC_ENCODINGS_VALUES));
update_descriptor_queue.AddBuffer(*data_buffer, sizeof(ASTC_ENCODINGS_VALUES),
sizeof(SWIZZLE_TABLE));
update_descriptor_queue.AddImage(image.StorageImageView(swizzle.level));
const VkDescriptorSet set = CommitDescriptorSet(update_descriptor_queue);
const VkPipelineLayout vk_layout = *layout;
// To unswizzle the ASTC data
const auto params = MakeBlockLinearSwizzle2DParams(swizzle, image.info);
ASSERT(params.origin == (std::array<u32, 3>{0, 0, 0}));
ASSERT(params.destination == (std::array<s32, 3>{0, 0, 0}));
scheduler.Record([vk_layout, num_dispatches_x, num_dispatches_y, num_dispatches_z,
block_dims, params, set](vk::CommandBuffer cmdbuf) {
const AstcPushConstants uniforms{
.blocks_dims = block_dims,
.bytes_per_block_log2 = params.bytes_per_block_log2,
.layer_stride = params.layer_stride,
.block_size = params.block_size,
.x_shift = params.x_shift,
.block_height = params.block_height,
.block_height_mask = params.block_height_mask,
};
cmdbuf.BindDescriptorSets(VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_COMPUTE, vk_layout, 0, set, {});
cmdbuf.PushConstants(vk_layout, VK_SHADER_STAGE_COMPUTE_BIT, uniforms);
cmdbuf.Dispatch(num_dispatches_x, num_dispatches_y, num_dispatches_z);
});
}
scheduler.Record([vk_image, aspect_mask](vk::CommandBuffer cmdbuf) {
const VkImageMemoryBarrier image_barrier{
.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_MEMORY_BARRIER,
.pNext = nullptr,
.srcAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_SHADER_WRITE_BIT,
.dstAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_SHADER_READ_BIT | VK_ACCESS_SHADER_WRITE_BIT,
.oldLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL,
.newLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL,
.srcQueueFamilyIndex = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED,
.dstQueueFamilyIndex = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED,
.image = vk_image,
.subresourceRange{
.aspectMask = aspect_mask,
.baseMipLevel = 0,
.levelCount = VK_REMAINING_MIP_LEVELS,
.baseArrayLayer = 0,
.layerCount = VK_REMAINING_ARRAY_LAYERS,
},
};
cmdbuf.PipelineBarrier(VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COMPUTE_SHADER_BIT,
VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT, 0, image_barrier);
});
scheduler.Finish();
}
} // namespace Vulkan