// Copyright 2018 yuzu emulator team
// Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
// Refer to the license.txt file included.
#include <memory>
#include <fmt/format.h>
#include <mbedtls/sha256.h>
#include "common/alignment.h"
#include "common/hex_util.h"
#include "common/scope_exit.h"
#include "core/core.h"
#include "core/hle/ipc_helpers.h"
#include "core/hle/kernel/k_page_table.h"
#include "core/hle/kernel/k_system_control.h"
#include "core/hle/kernel/svc_results.h"
#include "core/hle/service/ldr/ldr.h"
#include "core/hle/service/service.h"
#include "core/loader/nro.h"
#include "core/memory.h"
namespace Service::LDR {
constexpr ResultCode ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_ADDRESS_SPACE{ErrorModule::RO, 2};
[[maybe_unused]] constexpr ResultCode ERROR_INVALID_MEMORY_STATE{ErrorModule::Loader, 51};
constexpr ResultCode ERROR_INVALID_NRO{ErrorModule::Loader, 52};
constexpr ResultCode ERROR_INVALID_NRR{ErrorModule::Loader, 53};
constexpr ResultCode ERROR_MISSING_NRR_HASH{ErrorModule::Loader, 54};
constexpr ResultCode ERROR_MAXIMUM_NRO{ErrorModule::Loader, 55};
constexpr ResultCode ERROR_MAXIMUM_NRR{ErrorModule::Loader, 56};
constexpr ResultCode ERROR_ALREADY_LOADED{ErrorModule::Loader, 57};
constexpr ResultCode ERROR_INVALID_ALIGNMENT{ErrorModule::Loader, 81};
constexpr ResultCode ERROR_INVALID_SIZE{ErrorModule::Loader, 82};
constexpr ResultCode ERROR_INVALID_NRO_ADDRESS{ErrorModule::Loader, 84};
[[maybe_unused]] constexpr ResultCode ERROR_INVALID_NRR_ADDRESS{ErrorModule::Loader, 85};
constexpr ResultCode ERROR_NOT_INITIALIZED{ErrorModule::Loader, 87};
constexpr std::size_t MAXIMUM_LOADED_RO{0x40};
constexpr std::size_t MAXIMUM_MAP_RETRIES{0x200};
constexpr std::size_t TEXT_INDEX{0};
constexpr std::size_t RO_INDEX{1};
constexpr std::size_t DATA_INDEX{2};
struct NRRCertification {
u64_le application_id_mask;
u64_le application_id_pattern;
INSERT_PADDING_BYTES(0x10);
std::array<u8, 0x100> public_key; // Also known as modulus
std::array<u8, 0x100> signature;
};
static_assert(sizeof(NRRCertification) == 0x220, "NRRCertification has invalid size.");
struct NRRHeader {
u32_le magic;
u32_le certification_signature_key_generation; // 9.0.0+
INSERT_PADDING_WORDS(2);
NRRCertification certification;
std::array<u8, 0x100> signature;
u64_le application_id;
u32_le size;
u8 nrr_kind; // 7.0.0+
INSERT_PADDING_BYTES(3);
u32_le hash_offset;
u32_le hash_count;
INSERT_PADDING_WORDS(2);
};
static_assert(sizeof(NRRHeader) == 0x350, "NRRHeader has invalid size.");
struct SegmentHeader {
u32_le memory_offset;
u32_le memory_size;
};
static_assert(sizeof(SegmentHeader) == 0x8, "SegmentHeader has invalid size.");
struct NROHeader {
// Switchbrew calls this "Start" (0x10)
INSERT_PADDING_WORDS(1);
u32_le mod_offset;
INSERT_PADDING_WORDS(2);
// Switchbrew calls this "Header" (0x70)
u32_le magic;
u32_le version;
u32_le nro_size;
u32_le flags;
// .text, .ro, .data
std::array<SegmentHeader, 3> segment_headers;
u32_le bss_size;
INSERT_PADDING_WORDS(1);
std::array<u8, 0x20> build_id;
u32_le dso_handle_offset;
INSERT_PADDING_WORDS(1);
// .apiInfo, .dynstr, .dynsym
std::array<SegmentHeader, 3> segment_headers_2;
};
static_assert(sizeof(NROHeader) == 0x80, "NROHeader has invalid size.");
using SHA256Hash = std::array<u8, 0x20>;
struct NROInfo {
SHA256Hash hash{};
VAddr nro_address{};
std::size_t nro_size{};
VAddr bss_address{};
std::size_t bss_size{};
std::size_t text_size{};
std::size_t ro_size{};
std::size_t data_size{};
VAddr src_addr{};
};
static_assert(sizeof(NROInfo) == 0x60, "NROInfo has invalid size.");
class DebugMonitor final : public ServiceFramework<DebugMonitor> {
public:
explicit DebugMonitor(Core::System& system_) : ServiceFramework{system_, "ldr:dmnt"} {
// clang-format off
static const FunctionInfo functions[] = {
{0, nullptr, "SetProgramArgument"},
{1, nullptr, "FlushArguments"},
{2, nullptr, "GetProcessModuleInfo"},
};
// clang-format on
RegisterHandlers(functions);
}
};
class ProcessManager final : public ServiceFramework<ProcessManager> {
public:
explicit ProcessManager(Core::System& system_) : ServiceFramework{system_, "ldr:pm"} {
// clang-format off
static const FunctionInfo functions[] = {
{0, nullptr, "CreateProcess"},
{1, nullptr, "GetProgramInfo"},
{2, nullptr, "PinProgram"},
{3, nullptr, "UnpinProgram"},
{4, nullptr, "SetEnabledProgramVerification"},
};
// clang-format on
RegisterHandlers(functions);
}
};
class Shell final : public ServiceFramework<Shell> {
public:
explicit Shell(Core::System& system_) : ServiceFramework{system_, "ldr:shel"} {
// clang-format off
static const FunctionInfo functions[] = {
{0, nullptr, "SetProgramArgument"},
{1, nullptr, "FlushArguments"},
};
// clang-format on
RegisterHandlers(functions);
}
};
class RelocatableObject final : public ServiceFramework<RelocatableObject> {
public:
explicit RelocatableObject(Core::System& system_) : ServiceFramework{system_, "ldr:ro"} {
// clang-format off
static const FunctionInfo functions[] = {
{0, &RelocatableObject::LoadModule, "LoadModule"},
{1, &RelocatableObject::UnloadModule, "UnloadModule"},
{2, &RelocatableObject::RegisterModuleInfo, "RegisterModuleInfo"},
{3, &RelocatableObject::UnregisterModuleInfo, "UnregisterModuleInfo"},
{4, &RelocatableObject::Initialize, "Initialize"},
{10, nullptr, "RegisterModuleInfo2"},
};
// clang-format on
RegisterHandlers(functions);
}
void RegisterModuleInfo(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
struct Parameters {
u64_le process_id;
u64_le nrr_address;
u64_le nrr_size;
};
IPC::RequestParser rp{ctx};
const auto [process_id, nrr_address, nrr_size] = rp.PopRaw<Parameters>();
LOG_DEBUG(Service_LDR,
"called with process_id={:016X}, nrr_address={:016X}, nrr_size={:016X}",
process_id, nrr_address, nrr_size);
if (!initialized) {
LOG_ERROR(Service_LDR, "LDR:RO not initialized before use!");
IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2};
rb.Push(ERROR_NOT_INITIALIZED);
return;
}
if (nrr.size() >= MAXIMUM_LOADED_RO) {
LOG_ERROR(Service_LDR, "Loading new NRR would exceed the maximum number of loaded NRRs "
"(0x40)! Failing...");
IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2};
rb.Push(ERROR_MAXIMUM_NRR);
return;
}
// NRR Address does not fall on 0x1000 byte boundary
if (!Common::Is4KBAligned(nrr_address)) {
LOG_ERROR(Service_LDR, "NRR Address has invalid alignment (actual {:016X})!",
nrr_address);
IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2};
rb.Push(ERROR_INVALID_ALIGNMENT);
return;
}
// NRR Size is zero or causes overflow
if (nrr_address + nrr_size <= nrr_address || nrr_size == 0 ||
!Common::Is4KBAligned(nrr_size)) {
LOG_ERROR(Service_LDR, "NRR Size is invalid! (nrr_address={:016X}, nrr_size={:016X})",
nrr_address, nrr_size);
IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2};
rb.Push(ERROR_INVALID_SIZE);
return;
}
// Read NRR data from memory
std::vector<u8> nrr_data(nrr_size);
system.Memory().ReadBlock(nrr_address, nrr_data.data(), nrr_size);
NRRHeader header;
std::memcpy(&header, nrr_data.data(), sizeof(NRRHeader));
if (header.magic != Common::MakeMagic('N', 'R', 'R', '0')) {
LOG_ERROR(Service_LDR, "NRR did not have magic 'NRR0' (actual {:08X})!", header.magic);
IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2};
rb.Push(ERROR_INVALID_NRR);
return;
}
if (header.size != nrr_size) {
LOG_ERROR(Service_LDR,
"NRR header reported size did not match LoadNrr parameter size! "
"(header_size={:016X}, loadnrr_size={:016X})",
header.size, nrr_size);
IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2};
rb.Push(ERROR_INVALID_SIZE);
return;
}
if (system.GetCurrentProcessProgramID() != header.application_id) {
LOG_ERROR(Service_LDR,
"Attempting to load NRR with title ID other than current process. (actual "
"{:016X})!",
header.application_id);
IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2};
rb.Push(ERROR_INVALID_NRR);
return;
}
std::vector<SHA256Hash> hashes;
// Copy all hashes in the NRR (specified by hash count/hash offset) into vector.
for (std::size_t i = header.hash_offset;
i < (header.hash_offset + (header.hash_count * sizeof(SHA256Hash))); i += 8) {
SHA256Hash hash;
std::memcpy(hash.data(), nrr_data.data() + i, sizeof(SHA256Hash));
hashes.emplace_back(hash);
}
nrr.insert_or_assign(nrr_address, std::move(hashes));
IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2};
rb.Push(ResultSuccess);
}
void UnregisterModuleInfo(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
IPC::RequestParser rp{ctx};
const auto pid = rp.Pop<u64>();
const auto nrr_address = rp.Pop<VAddr>();
LOG_DEBUG(Service_LDR, "called with pid={}, nrr_address={:016X}", pid, nrr_address);
nrr.erase(nrr_address);
IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2};
rb.Push(ResultSuccess);
}
bool ValidateRegionForMap(Kernel::KPageTable& page_table, VAddr start, std::size_t size) const {
constexpr std::size_t padding_size{4 * Kernel::PageSize};
const auto start_info{page_table.QueryInfo(start - 1)};
if (start_info.state != Kernel::KMemoryState::Free) {
return {};
}
if (start_info.GetAddress() > (start - padding_size)) {
return {};
}
const auto end_info{page_table.QueryInfo(start + size)};
if (end_info.state != Kernel::KMemoryState::Free) {
return {};
}
return (start + size + padding_size) <= (end_info.GetAddress() + end_info.GetSize());
}
VAddr GetRandomMapRegion(const Kernel::KPageTable& page_table, std::size_t size) const {
VAddr addr{};
const std::size_t end_pages{(page_table.GetAliasCodeRegionSize() - size) >>
Kernel::PageBits};
do {
addr = page_table.GetAliasCodeRegionStart() +
(Kernel::KSystemControl::GenerateRandomRange(0, end_pages) << Kernel::PageBits);
} while (!page_table.IsInsideAddressSpace(addr, size) ||
page_table.IsInsideHeapRegion(addr, size) ||
page_table.IsInsideAliasRegion(addr, size));
return addr;
}
ResultVal<VAddr> MapProcessCodeMemory(Kernel::KProcess* process, VAddr baseAddress,
u64 size) const {
for (std::size_t retry = 0; retry < MAXIMUM_MAP_RETRIES; retry++) {
auto& page_table{process->PageTable()};
const VAddr addr{GetRandomMapRegion(page_table, size)};
const ResultCode result{page_table.MapCodeMemory(addr, baseAddress, size)};
if (result == Kernel::ResultInvalidCurrentMemory) {
continue;
}
CASCADE_CODE(result);
if (ValidateRegionForMap(page_table, addr, size)) {
return addr;
}
}
return ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_ADDRESS_SPACE;
}
ResultVal<VAddr> MapNro(Kernel::KProcess* process, VAddr nro_addr, std::size_t nro_size,
VAddr bss_addr, std::size_t bss_size, std::size_t size) const {
for (std::size_t retry = 0; retry < MAXIMUM_MAP_RETRIES; retry++) {
auto& page_table{process->PageTable()};
VAddr addr{};
CASCADE_RESULT(addr, MapProcessCodeMemory(process, nro_addr, nro_size));
if (bss_size) {
auto block_guard = detail::ScopeExit([&] {
page_table.UnmapCodeMemory(addr + nro_size, bss_addr, bss_size);
page_table.UnmapCodeMemory(addr, nro_addr, nro_size);
});
const ResultCode result{
page_table.MapCodeMemory(addr + nro_size, bss_addr, bss_size)};
if (result == Kernel::ResultInvalidCurrentMemory) {
continue;
}
if (result.IsError()) {
return result;
}
block_guard.Cancel();
}
if (ValidateRegionForMap(page_table, addr, size)) {
return addr;
}
}
return ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_ADDRESS_SPACE;
}
ResultCode LoadNro(Kernel::KProcess* process, const NROHeader& nro_header, VAddr nro_addr,
VAddr start) const {
const VAddr text_start{start + nro_header.segment_headers[TEXT_INDEX].memory_offset};
const VAddr ro_start{start + nro_header.segment_headers[RO_INDEX].memory_offset};
const VAddr data_start{start + nro_header.segment_headers[DATA_INDEX].memory_offset};
const VAddr bss_start{data_start + nro_header.segment_headers[DATA_INDEX].memory_size};
const VAddr bss_end_addr{
Common::AlignUp(bss_start + nro_header.bss_size, Kernel::PageSize)};
const auto CopyCode = [this, process](VAddr src_addr, VAddr dst_addr, u64 size) {
system.Memory().CopyBlock(*process, dst_addr, src_addr, size);
};
CopyCode(nro_addr + nro_header.segment_headers[TEXT_INDEX].memory_offset, text_start,
nro_header.segment_headers[TEXT_INDEX].memory_size);
CopyCode(nro_addr + nro_header.segment_headers[RO_INDEX].memory_offset, ro_start,
nro_header.segment_headers[RO_INDEX].memory_size);
CopyCode(nro_addr + nro_header.segment_headers[DATA_INDEX].memory_offset, data_start,
nro_header.segment_headers[DATA_INDEX].memory_size);
CASCADE_CODE(process->PageTable().SetProcessMemoryPermission(
text_start, ro_start - text_start, Kernel::KMemoryPermission::ReadAndExecute));
CASCADE_CODE(process->PageTable().SetProcessMemoryPermission(
ro_start, data_start - ro_start, Kernel::KMemoryPermission::Read));
return process->PageTable().SetProcessMemoryPermission(
data_start, bss_end_addr - data_start, Kernel::KMemoryPermission::UserReadWrite);
}
void LoadModule(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
struct Parameters {
u64_le process_id;
u64_le image_address;
u64_le image_size;
u64_le bss_address;
u64_le bss_size;
};
IPC::RequestParser rp{ctx};
const auto [process_id, nro_address, nro_size, bss_address, bss_size] =
rp.PopRaw<Parameters>();
LOG_DEBUG(Service_LDR,
"called with pid={:016X}, nro_addr={:016X}, nro_size={:016X}, bss_addr={:016X}, "
"bss_size={:016X}",
process_id, nro_address, nro_size, bss_address, bss_size);
if (!initialized) {
LOG_ERROR(Service_LDR, "LDR:RO not initialized before use!");
IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2};
rb.Push(ERROR_NOT_INITIALIZED);
return;
}
if (nro.size() >= MAXIMUM_LOADED_RO) {
LOG_ERROR(Service_LDR, "Loading new NRO would exceed the maximum number of loaded NROs "
"(0x40)! Failing...");
IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2};
rb.Push(ERROR_MAXIMUM_NRO);
return;
}
// NRO Address does not fall on 0x1000 byte boundary
if (!Common::Is4KBAligned(nro_address)) {
LOG_ERROR(Service_LDR, "NRO Address has invalid alignment (actual {:016X})!",
nro_address);
IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2};
rb.Push(ERROR_INVALID_ALIGNMENT);
return;
}
// NRO Size or BSS Size is zero or causes overflow
const auto nro_size_valid =
nro_size != 0 && nro_address + nro_size > nro_address && Common::Is4KBAligned(nro_size);
const auto bss_size_valid = nro_size + bss_size >= nro_size &&
(bss_size == 0 || bss_address + bss_size > bss_address);
if (!nro_size_valid || !bss_size_valid) {
LOG_ERROR(Service_LDR,
"NRO Size or BSS Size is invalid! (nro_address={:016X}, nro_size={:016X}, "
"bss_address={:016X}, bss_size={:016X})",
nro_address, nro_size, bss_address, bss_size);
IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2};
rb.Push(ERROR_INVALID_SIZE);
return;
}
// Read NRO data from memory
std::vector<u8> nro_data(nro_size);
system.Memory().ReadBlock(nro_address, nro_data.data(), nro_size);
SHA256Hash hash{};
mbedtls_sha256_ret(nro_data.data(), nro_data.size(), hash.data(), 0);
// NRO Hash is already loaded
if (std::any_of(nro.begin(), nro.end(), [&hash](const std::pair<VAddr, NROInfo>& info) {
return info.second.hash == hash;
})) {
LOG_ERROR(Service_LDR, "NRO is already loaded!");
IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2};
rb.Push(ERROR_ALREADY_LOADED);
return;
}
// NRO Hash is not in any loaded NRR
if (!IsValidNROHash(hash)) {
LOG_ERROR(Service_LDR,
"NRO hash is not present in any currently loaded NRRs (hash={})!",
Common::HexToString(hash));
IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2};
rb.Push(ERROR_MISSING_NRR_HASH);
return;
}
// Load and validate the NRO header
NROHeader header{};
std::memcpy(&header, nro_data.data(), sizeof(NROHeader));
if (!IsValidNRO(header, nro_size, bss_size)) {
LOG_ERROR(Service_LDR, "NRO was invalid!");
IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2};
rb.Push(ERROR_INVALID_NRO);
return;
}
// Map memory for the NRO
const auto map_result{MapNro(system.CurrentProcess(), nro_address, nro_size, bss_address,
bss_size, nro_size + bss_size)};
if (map_result.Failed()) {
IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2};
rb.Push(map_result.Code());
}
// Load the NRO into the mapped memory
if (const auto result{LoadNro(system.CurrentProcess(), header, nro_address, *map_result)};
result.IsError()) {
IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2};
rb.Push(map_result.Code());
}
// Track the loaded NRO
nro.insert_or_assign(*map_result,
NROInfo{hash, *map_result, nro_size, bss_address, bss_size,
header.segment_headers[TEXT_INDEX].memory_size,
header.segment_headers[RO_INDEX].memory_size,
header.segment_headers[DATA_INDEX].memory_size, nro_address});
IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 4};
rb.Push(ResultSuccess);
rb.Push(*map_result);
}
ResultCode UnmapNro(const NROInfo& info) {
// Each region must be unmapped separately to validate memory state
auto& page_table{system.CurrentProcess()->PageTable()};
if (info.bss_size != 0) {
CASCADE_CODE(page_table.UnmapCodeMemory(info.nro_address + info.text_size +
info.ro_size + info.data_size,
info.bss_address, info.bss_size));
}
CASCADE_CODE(page_table.UnmapCodeMemory(info.nro_address + info.text_size + info.ro_size,
info.src_addr + info.text_size + info.ro_size,
info.data_size));
CASCADE_CODE(page_table.UnmapCodeMemory(info.nro_address + info.text_size,
info.src_addr + info.text_size, info.ro_size));
CASCADE_CODE(page_table.UnmapCodeMemory(info.nro_address, info.src_addr, info.text_size));
return ResultSuccess;
}
void UnloadModule(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
if (!initialized) {
LOG_ERROR(Service_LDR, "LDR:RO not initialized before use!");
IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2};
rb.Push(ERROR_NOT_INITIALIZED);
return;
}
struct Parameters {
u64_le process_id;
u64_le nro_address;
};
IPC::RequestParser rp{ctx};
const auto [process_id, nro_address] = rp.PopRaw<Parameters>();
LOG_DEBUG(Service_LDR, "called with process_id={:016X}, nro_address=0x{:016X}", process_id,
nro_address);
if (!Common::Is4KBAligned(nro_address)) {
LOG_ERROR(Service_LDR, "NRO address has invalid alignment (nro_address=0x{:016X})",
nro_address);
IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2};
rb.Push(ERROR_INVALID_ALIGNMENT);
return;
}
const auto iter = nro.find(nro_address);
if (iter == nro.end()) {
LOG_ERROR(Service_LDR,
"The NRO attempting to be unmapped was not mapped or has an invalid address "
"(nro_address=0x{:016X})!",
nro_address);
IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2};
rb.Push(ERROR_INVALID_NRO_ADDRESS);
return;
}
const auto result{UnmapNro(iter->second)};
nro.erase(iter);
IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2};
rb.Push(result);
}
void Initialize(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
LOG_WARNING(Service_LDR, "(STUBBED) called");
initialized = true;
IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2};
rb.Push(ResultSuccess);
}
private:
bool initialized{};
std::map<VAddr, NROInfo> nro;
std::map<VAddr, std::vector<SHA256Hash>> nrr;
bool IsValidNROHash(const SHA256Hash& hash) const {
return std::any_of(nrr.begin(), nrr.end(), [&hash](const auto& p) {
return std::find(p.second.begin(), p.second.end(), hash) != p.second.end();
});
}
static bool IsValidNRO(const NROHeader& header, u64 nro_size, u64 bss_size) {
return header.magic == Common::MakeMagic('N', 'R', 'O', '0') &&
header.nro_size == nro_size && header.bss_size == bss_size &&
header.segment_headers[RO_INDEX].memory_offset ==
header.segment_headers[TEXT_INDEX].memory_offset +
header.segment_headers[TEXT_INDEX].memory_size &&
header.segment_headers[DATA_INDEX].memory_offset ==
header.segment_headers[RO_INDEX].memory_offset +
header.segment_headers[RO_INDEX].memory_size &&
nro_size == header.segment_headers[DATA_INDEX].memory_offset +
header.segment_headers[DATA_INDEX].memory_size &&
Common::Is4KBAligned(header.segment_headers[TEXT_INDEX].memory_size) &&
Common::Is4KBAligned(header.segment_headers[RO_INDEX].memory_size) &&
Common::Is4KBAligned(header.segment_headers[DATA_INDEX].memory_size);
}
};
void InstallInterfaces(SM::ServiceManager& sm, Core::System& system) {
std::make_shared<DebugMonitor>(system)->InstallAsService(sm);
std::make_shared<ProcessManager>(system)->InstallAsService(sm);
std::make_shared<Shell>(system)->InstallAsService(sm);
std::make_shared<RelocatableObject>(system)->InstallAsService(sm);
}
} // namespace Service::LDR