#LyX 2.4 created this file. For more info see https://www.lyx.org/ \lyxformat 620 \begin_document \begin_header \save_transient_properties true \origin unavailable \textclass article \begin_preamble \usepackage{siunitx} \usepackage{pgfplots} \usepackage{listings} \usepackage{multicol} \sisetup{output-decimal-marker = {,}, quotient-mode=fraction, output-exponent-marker=\ensuremath{\mathrm{3}}} \DeclareMathOperator{\ctg}{ctg} \end_preamble \use_default_options true \begin_modules enumitem theorems-ams \end_modules \maintain_unincluded_children no \language slovene \language_package default \inputencoding auto-legacy \fontencoding auto \font_roman "default" "default" \font_sans "default" "default" \font_typewriter "default" "default" \font_math "auto" "auto" \font_default_family default \use_non_tex_fonts false \font_sc false \font_roman_osf false \font_sans_osf false \font_typewriter_osf false \font_sf_scale 100 100 \font_tt_scale 100 100 \use_microtype false \use_dash_ligatures true \graphics default \default_output_format default \output_sync 0 \bibtex_command default \index_command default \float_placement class \float_alignment class \paperfontsize default \spacing single \use_hyperref false \papersize default \use_geometry true \use_package amsmath 1 \use_package amssymb 1 \use_package cancel 1 \use_package esint 1 \use_package mathdots 1 \use_package mathtools 1 \use_package mhchem 1 \use_package stackrel 1 \use_package stmaryrd 1 \use_package undertilde 1 \cite_engine basic \cite_engine_type default \biblio_style plain \use_bibtopic false \use_indices false \paperorientation portrait \suppress_date false \justification false \use_refstyle 1 \use_formatted_ref 0 \use_minted 0 \use_lineno 0 \index Index \shortcut idx \color #008000 \end_index \leftmargin 1cm \topmargin 1cm \rightmargin 1cm \bottommargin 2cm \headheight 1cm \headsep 1cm \footskip 1cm \secnumdepth 3 \tocdepth 3 \paragraph_separation indent \paragraph_indentation default \is_math_indent 0 \math_numbering_side default \quotes_style german \dynamic_quotes 0 \papercolumns 1 \papersides 1 \paperpagestyle default \tablestyle default \tracking_changes false \output_changes false \change_bars false \postpone_fragile_content false \html_math_output 0 \html_css_as_file 0 \html_be_strict false \docbook_table_output 0 \docbook_mathml_prefix 1 \end_header \begin_body \begin_layout Standard \begin_inset ERT status open \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash newcommand \backslash euler{e} \end_layout \end_inset \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \begin_inset ERT status open \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash setlength{ \backslash columnseprule}{0.2pt} \backslash begin{multicols}{2} \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Formula $\log_{a}1=0$ \end_inset , \begin_inset Formula $\log_{a}a=1$ \end_inset , \begin_inset Formula $\log_{a}a^{x}=x$ \end_inset , \begin_inset Formula $a^{\log_{a}x}=x$ \end_inset \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \begin_inset Formula $\binom{n}{k}\coloneqq\frac{n!}{k!\left(n-k\right)!}$ \end_inset , \begin_inset Formula $\log_{a}x^{n}=n\log_{a}x$ \end_inset \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \begin_inset Formula $D=b^{2}-4ac$ \end_inset , \begin_inset Formula $x_{1,2}=\frac{-b\pm\sqrt{D}}{2a}$ \end_inset \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \begin_inset Formula $x^{2}+\left(a+b\right)x+ab=\left(x+a\right)\left(x+b\right)$ \end_inset \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \begin_inset Formula $zw=\left(ac-bd\right)+\left(ad+bc\right)i$ \end_inset , \begin_inset Formula $\vert zw\vert=\vert z\vert\vert w\vert$ \end_inset \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \begin_inset Formula $\arg\left(zw\right)=\arg z+\arg w$ \end_inset (kot) \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \begin_inset Formula $z\overline{z}=a^{2}-\left(bi\right)^{2}=a^{2}+b^{2}$ \end_inset \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \begin_inset Formula $\left(\cos\phi+i\sin\phi\right)$ \end_inset \begin_inset Formula $\left(\cos\psi+i\sin\psi\right)=\cos\left(\phi+\psi\right)+i\sin\left(\phi+\psi\right)$ \end_inset \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \begin_inset Formula $z^{2}=a^{2}+2abi-b^{2}$ \end_inset , \begin_inset Formula $z^{3}=a^{3}-3ab^{2}+\left(3a^{2}b-b^{3}\right)i$ \end_inset \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \begin_inset Formula $(a+b)^{n}=\sum_{k=0}^{n}{n \choose k}ab^{n-k}$ \end_inset \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \begin_inset Formula $z^{n}=r^{n}\left(\cos\left(n\phi\right)+i\sin\left(n\phi\right)\right)$ \end_inset , \begin_inset Formula $\phi=\arctan\frac{\Im z}{\Re z}$ \end_inset \end_layout \begin_layout Standard Odprta množica ne vsebuje robnih točk. Zaprta vsebuje vse. \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \begin_inset Formula $\sin\left(x\pm y\right)=\sin x\cdot\cos y\pm\sin y\cdot\cos x$ \end_inset \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \begin_inset Formula $\cos\left(x\pm y\right)=\cos x\cdot\cos y\mp\sin y\cdot\sin x$ \end_inset \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \begin_inset Formula $\tan\left(x\pm y\right)=\frac{\tan x\pm\tan y}{1\text{\ensuremath{\mp\tan}x\ensuremath{\cdot\tan y}}}$ \end_inset \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \begin_inset Formula $a_{n}$ \end_inset je konv. \begin_inset Formula $\Longleftrightarrow$ \end_inset \begin_inset Formula $\forall\varepsilon>0:\exists n_{0}\ni:\forall n,m:n_{0}n_{0}$ \end_inset \begin_inset Formula $\wedge$ \end_inset vrsti sta navzdol omejeni \begin_inset Formula $\Longrightarrow$ \end_inset \begin_inset Formula $\sum_{1}^{\infty}b_{k}$ \end_inset konv. \begin_inset Formula $\sum_{1}^{\infty}a_{k}$ \end_inset rečemo \shape italic majoranta \shape default . \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \series bold Kvocientni \series default : \begin_inset Formula $a_{k}>0$ \end_inset , \begin_inset Formula $D_{n}\coloneqq\frac{a_{n}+1}{a_{n}}$ \end_inset \end_layout \begin_layout Itemize \begin_inset Formula $\forall n1\Longrightarrow div.$ \end_inset \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \series bold Korenski \series default : Kot Kvocientni, le da \begin_inset Formula $D_{n}\coloneqq\sqrt[n]{a_{n}}$ \end_inset . \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \series bold Leibnizov \series default : \begin_inset Formula $a_{n}\to0\Longrightarrow\sum_{1}^{\infty}\left(\left(-1\right)^{k}a_{k}\right)<\infty$ \end_inset \end_layout \begin_layout Standard Absolutna konvergenca \begin_inset Formula $\left(\sum_{1}^{\infty}\vert a_{n}\vert<\infty\right)$ \end_inset \begin_inset Formula $\Longrightarrow$ \end_inset konvergenca \end_layout \begin_layout Standard Pri konv. po točkah je \begin_inset Formula $n_{0}$ \end_inset odvisen od \begin_inset Formula $x$ \end_inset , pri enakomerni ni. \end_layout \begin_layout Standard Potenčna vrsta: \begin_inset Formula $\sum_{j=1}^{\infty}b_{j}x^{j}$ \end_inset . \begin_inset Formula $R^{-1}=\limsup_{k\to\infty}\sqrt[k]{\vert b_{k}\vert}$ \end_inset . \begin_inset Formula $\vert x\vertR\Longrightarrow$ \end_inset divergira \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \begin_inset Formula $\lim_{x\to a}\left(\alpha f\left(x\right)\right)=\alpha\lim_{x\to a}f\left(x\right)$ \end_inset \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \begin_inset Tabular \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset Formula $\sin$ \end_inset \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset Formula $\cos$ \end_inset \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset Formula $\tan$ \end_inset \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset Formula $30^{\circ}=\frac{\pi}{6}$ \end_inset \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset Formula $\frac{1}{2}$ \end_inset \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset Formula $\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}$ \end_inset \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset Formula $\frac{\sqrt{3}}{3}$ \end_inset \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset Formula $45^{\circ}=\frac{\pi}{4}$ \end_inset \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset Formula $\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}$ \end_inset \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset Formula $\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}$ \end_inset \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout 1 \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset Formula $60^{\circ}=\frac{\pi}{3}$ \end_inset \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset Formula $\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}$ \end_inset \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset Formula $\frac{1}{2}$ \end_inset \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset Formula $\sqrt{3}$ \end_inset \end_layout \end_inset \end_inset \end_layout \begin_layout Standard Krožnica: \begin_inset Formula $\left(x-p\right)^{2}+\left(y-q\right)^{2}=r^{2}$ \end_inset \end_layout \begin_layout Standard Elipsa: \begin_inset Formula $\frac{\left(x-p\right)^{2}}{a^{2}}+\frac{\left(y-q\right)^{2}}{b^{2}}=1$ \end_inset \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \begin_inset Tabular \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout Izraz \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout Odvod \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout Izraz \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout Odvod \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset Formula $\frac{f}{g}$ \end_inset \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset Formula $\frac{f'g-fg'}{g^{2}}$ \end_inset , \begin_inset Formula $g\not=0$ \end_inset \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset Formula $f\left(g\right)$ \end_inset \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset Formula $f'\left(g\right)g'$ \end_inset \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset Formula $\tan x$ \end_inset \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset Formula $\cos^{-2}x$ \end_inset \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset Formula $\cot x$ \end_inset \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset Formula $-sin^{-2}x$ \end_inset \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset Formula $a^{x}$ \end_inset \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset Formula $a^{x}\text{\ensuremath{\ln a}}$ \end_inset \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset Formula $x^{x}$ \end_inset \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset Formula $x^{x}\left(1+\ln x\right)$ \end_inset \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset Formula $\log_{a}x$ \end_inset \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset Formula $\frac{1}{x\ln a}$ \end_inset \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset Formula $f^{-1}\left(a\right)$ \end_inset \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset Formula $\frac{1}{f'\left(f^{-1}\left(a\right)\right)}$ \end_inset \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset Formula $\arcsin x$ \end_inset \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset Formula $\left(1-x^{2}\right)^{-\frac{1}{2}}$ \end_inset \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset Formula $\arccos x$ \end_inset \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset Formula $-\left(1-x^{2}\right)^{-\frac{1}{2}}$ \end_inset \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset Formula $\arctan x$ \end_inset \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset Formula $\frac{1}{1+x^{2}}$ \end_inset \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset Formula $\text{arccot\,}x$ \end_inset \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset Formula $-\frac{1}{1+x^{2}}$ \end_inset \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset Formula $x^{n}$ \end_inset \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset Formula $nx^{n-1}$ \end_inset \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \end_layout \end_inset \end_inset \end_layout \begin_layout Itemize \begin_inset Formula $f''\left(I\right)>0\Leftrightarrow f$ \end_inset konveksna na \begin_inset Formula $I$ \end_inset \end_layout \begin_layout Itemize \begin_inset Formula $f''\left(I\right)<0\Leftrightarrow f$ \end_inset konkavna na \begin_inset Formula $I$ \end_inset \begin_inset Formula \[ ab>0\wedge ab^{-1},\quad ab<0\wedge a0\forall x\in I:\left|f^{\left(n+1\right)}\right|\leq M\Rightarrow R_{f,a,n}\left(x\right)=\frac{M}{\left(n+1\right)!}\left|x-a\right|^{n+1} \] \end_inset \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \begin_inset Formula \[ R=\lim_{n\to\infty}\left|\frac{c_{n}}{c_{n+1}}\right|,\quad R=\lim_{n\to\infty}\frac{1}{\sqrt[n]{\left|c_{n}\right|}} \] \end_inset \end_layout \begin_layout Standard Zvezna \begin_inset Formula $\text{f}$ \end_inset na zaprtem intervalu \begin_inset Formula $\left[a,b\right]$ \end_inset doseže \begin_inset Formula $\inf$ \end_inset in \begin_inset Formula $\sup$ \end_inset , je omejena in doseže vse funkcijske vrednosti na \begin_inset Formula $\left[f\left(a\right),f\left(b\right)\right]$ \end_inset . \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \begin_inset Formula $f:I\to\mathbb{R}$ \end_inset je enakomerno zvezna na \begin_inset Formula $I$ \end_inset , če \begin_inset Formula $\forall\varepsilon>0\exists\delta_{\left(\varepsilon\right)}>0\ni:\forall x,y\in I:\left|x-y\right|<\delta\Rightarrow\left|f\left(x\right)-f\left(y\right)\right|<\varepsilon$ \end_inset \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \begin_inset Formula $f:I\to\mathbb{R}$ \end_inset je zvezna na \begin_inset Formula $I$ \end_inset , če \begin_inset Formula $\forall\varepsilon>0\forall x\in I\exists\delta_{\left(x,\varepsilon\right)}>0\ni:\forall x,y\in I:\left|x-y\right|<\delta\Rightarrow\left|f\left(x\right)-f\left(y\right)\right|<\varepsilon$ \end_inset \end_layout \begin_layout Standard Zvezna \begin_inset Formula $f$ \end_inset na kompaktni množici je enakomerno zvezna. \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \begin_inset Formula \[ f'\left(x\right)=\lim_{x\to0}\frac{f\left(x+h\right)-f\left(x\right)}{h} \] \end_inset \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \begin_inset Formula \[ \sinh x=\frac{e^{x}-e^{-x}}{2},\quad\cosh x=\frac{e^{x}+e^{-x}}{2} \] \end_inset \end_layout \begin_layout Paragraph Uporabne vrste \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \begin_inset Formula $\sin x=\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}\frac{\left(-1\right)^{n}}{\left(2n+1\right)!}x^{2n+1}$ \end_inset , \begin_inset Formula $\cos x=\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}\frac{\left(-1\right)^{n}}{\left(2n\right)!}x^{2n}$ \end_inset , \begin_inset Formula $\sinh x=\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}\frac{x^{2n+1}}{\left(2n+1\right)!}$ \end_inset , \begin_inset Formula $e^{x}=\sum_{x=0}^{\infty}\frac{x^{n}}{n!}$ \end_inset , \begin_inset Formula $\left(1+x\right)^{\alpha}=\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}\frac{x^{n}}{n!}$ \end_inset , \begin_inset Formula $\frac{1}{1-x}=\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}x^{n}$ \end_inset , \begin_inset Formula $\ln\left(1+x\right)=\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\left(-1\right)^{n+1}\frac{x^{n}}{n}$ \end_inset , \begin_inset Formula $\ln\left(1-x\right)=-\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{x^{n}}{n}$ \end_inset . \end_layout \begin_layout Paragraph Razcep racionalnih \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \begin_inset Formula \[ \frac{p\left(x\right)}{\left(x-a\right)^{3}}=\frac{A}{x-a}+\frac{B}{\left(x-1\right)^{2}}+\frac{C}{\left(x-1\right)^{3}} \] \end_inset \begin_inset Formula \[ \frac{p\left(x\right)}{\left(x-a\right)\left(x-b\right)^{2}}=\frac{A}{x-a}+\frac{B}{x-b}+\frac{C}{\left(x-b\right)^{2}} \] \end_inset \begin_inset Formula \[ \frac{p\left(x\right)}{\left(x-a\right)\left(x^{2}-b\right)}=\frac{A}{x-a}+\frac{Bx-C}{x^{2}-b} \] \end_inset \end_layout \begin_layout Paragraph Integrali \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \begin_inset Formula \[ \int\frac{1}{x^{2}+a^{2}}dx=\frac{1}{a}\arctan\frac{x}{a}+C \] \end_inset \begin_inset Formula \[ \int\frac{1}{x^{2}-a^{2}}dx=\frac{1}{2a}\ln\left|\frac{x-a}{x+a}\right|+C \] \end_inset \begin_inset Formula \[ \int\frac{1}{a^{2}-x^{2}}dx=\frac{1}{2a}\ln\left|\frac{a+x}{a-x}\right|+C \] \end_inset \begin_inset Formula \[ \int\frac{1}{ax+b}dx=\frac{1}{a}\ln\left|ax+b\right|+C \] \end_inset \begin_inset Formula \[ \int\left(ax+b\right)^{n}dx=\frac{\left(ax+b\right)^{n+1}}{a\left(n+1\right)}+C \] \end_inset \begin_inset Formula \[ \int f\left(x\right)g'\left(x\right)dx=f\left(x\right)g\left(x\right)-\int f'\left(x\right)g\left(x\right)dx \] \end_inset \begin_inset Formula \[ \int\frac{1}{\sin^{2}\left(x\right)}dx=-\ctg\left(x\right) \] \end_inset \begin_inset Formula \[ \int\frac{1}{\cos^{2}\left(x\right)}=\tan\left(x\right) \] \end_inset \begin_inset Formula \[ \int\frac{1}{\sqrt{a^{2}+x^{2}}}dx=\ln\left|x+\sqrt{x^{2}+a^{2}}\right| \] \end_inset \begin_inset Formula \[ \int\frac{1}{\sqrt{x^{2}-a^{2}}}dx=\ln\left|x+\sqrt{x^{2}-a^{2}}\right| \] \end_inset \begin_inset Formula \[ \int\sqrt{a^{2}+x^{2}}dx=\frac{1}{2}\left(x\sqrt{a^{2}+x^{2}}+a^{2}\ln\left(\sqrt{a^{2}+x^{2}}+x\right)\right) \] \end_inset \begin_inset Formula \[ \int\sqrt{a^{2}-x^{2}}dx=\frac{1}{2}\left(x\sqrt{a^{2}-x^{2}}+a^{2}\arctan\left(\frac{x}{\sqrt{a^{2}-x^{2}}}\right)\right) \] \end_inset \begin_inset Formula \[ \int\frac{A}{x-a}dx=A\ln\left|x-a\right| \] \end_inset \begin_inset Formula \[ \int\frac{A}{\left(x-a\right)^{n}}dx=\frac{-A}{n-1}\cdot\frac{1}{\left(x-a\right)^{n-1}} \] \end_inset \begin_inset Formula \[ \int\frac{Bx+C}{x^{2}+bx+c}=\frac{B}{2}\ln\left|x^{2}+bx+c\right|+\frac{2C-Bb}{\sqrt{-D}}\arctan\left(\frac{2x+b}{\sqrt{-D}}\right) \] \end_inset In velja \begin_inset Formula $D=b^{2}-4c$ \end_inset . \end_layout \begin_layout Standard Pri \begin_inset Formula $\int\sin\left(x\right)^{p}\cos\left(x\right)^{q}dx$ \end_inset lih \begin_inset Formula $q$ \end_inset substituiramo \begin_inset Formula $t=\cos\left(x\right)$ \end_inset , lih \begin_inset Formula $p$ \end_inset pa \begin_inset Formula $t=\sin\left(x\right)$ \end_inset . Pri sodih nižamo stopnje s formulo dvonega kota. \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \begin_inset Note Note status open \begin_layout Plain Layout https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_integrals_of_rational_functions \end_layout \end_inset \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \begin_inset ERT status open \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash end{multicols} \end_layout \end_inset \end_layout \end_body \end_document