60 files changed, 2095 insertions, 1153 deletions

diff --git a/src/core/arm/arm_interface.cpp b/src/core/arm/arm_interface.cpp
index 0c012f094..5e27dde58 100644
--- a/src/core/arm/arm_interface.cpp
+++ b/src/core/arm/arm_interface.cpp
@@ -86,9 +86,9 @@ void ARM_Interface::SymbolicateBacktrace(Core::System& system, std::vector<Backt
 
     std::map<std::string, Symbols::Symbols> symbols;
     for (const auto& module : modules) {
-        symbols.insert_or_assign(
-            module.second, Symbols::GetSymbols(module.first, system.ApplicationMemory(),
-                                               system.ApplicationProcess()->Is64BitProcess()));
+        symbols.insert_or_assign(module.second,
+                                 Symbols::GetSymbols(module.first, system.ApplicationMemory(),
+                                                     system.ApplicationProcess()->Is64Bit()));
     }
 
     for (auto& entry : out) {
diff --git a/src/core/core.cpp b/src/core/core.cpp
index d7e2efbd7..14d6c8c27 100644
--- a/src/core/core.cpp
+++ b/src/core/core.cpp
@@ -309,17 +309,10 @@ struct System::Impl {
 
         telemetry_session->AddInitialInfo(*app_loader, fs_controller, *content_provider);
 
-        // Create a resource limit for the process.
-        const auto physical_memory_size =
-            kernel.MemoryManager().GetSize(Kernel::KMemoryManager::Pool::Application);
-        auto* resource_limit = Kernel::CreateResourceLimitForProcess(system, physical_memory_size);
-
         // Create the process.
         auto main_process = Kernel::KProcess::Create(system.Kernel());
-        ASSERT(Kernel::KProcess::Initialize(main_process, system, "main",
-                                            Kernel::KProcess::ProcessType::Userland, resource_limit)
-                   .IsSuccess());
         Kernel::KProcess::Register(system.Kernel(), main_process);
+        kernel.AppendNewProcess(main_process);
         kernel.MakeApplicationProcess(main_process);
         const auto [load_result, load_parameters] = app_loader->Load(*main_process, system);
         if (load_result != Loader::ResultStatus::Success) {
@@ -418,6 +411,7 @@ struct System::Impl {
             services->KillNVNFlinger();
         }
         kernel.CloseServices();
+        kernel.ShutdownCores();
         services.reset();
         service_manager.reset();
         cheat_engine.reset();
@@ -429,7 +423,6 @@ struct System::Impl {
         gpu_core.reset();
         host1x_core.reset();
         perf_stats.reset();
-        kernel.ShutdownCores();
         cpu_manager.Shutdown();
         debugger.reset();
         kernel.Shutdown();
diff --git a/src/core/debugger/debugger.cpp b/src/core/debugger/debugger.cpp
index a1589fecb..0e270eb50 100644
--- a/src/core/debugger/debugger.cpp
+++ b/src/core/debugger/debugger.cpp
@@ -258,20 +258,20 @@ private:
         Kernel::KScopedSchedulerLock sl{system.Kernel()};
 
         // Put all threads to sleep on next scheduler round.
-        for (auto* thread : ThreadList()) {
-            thread->RequestSuspend(Kernel::SuspendType::Debug);
+        for (auto& thread : ThreadList()) {
+            thread.RequestSuspend(Kernel::SuspendType::Debug);
         }
     }
 
     void ResumeEmulation(Kernel::KThread* except = nullptr) {
         // Wake up all threads.
-        for (auto* thread : ThreadList()) {
-            if (thread == except) {
+        for (auto& thread : ThreadList()) {
+            if (std::addressof(thread) == except) {
                 continue;
             }
 
-            thread->SetStepState(Kernel::StepState::NotStepping);
-            thread->Resume(Kernel::SuspendType::Debug);
+            thread.SetStepState(Kernel::StepState::NotStepping);
+            thread.Resume(Kernel::SuspendType::Debug);
         }
     }
 
@@ -283,13 +283,17 @@ private:
     }
 
     void UpdateActiveThread() {
-        const auto& threads{ThreadList()};
-        if (std::find(threads.begin(), threads.end(), state->active_thread) == threads.end()) {
-            state->active_thread = threads.front();
+        auto& threads{ThreadList()};
+        for (auto& thread : threads) {
+            if (std::addressof(thread) == state->active_thread) {
+                // Thread is still alive, no need to update.
+                return;
+            }
         }
+        state->active_thread = std::addressof(threads.front());
     }
 
-    const std::list<Kernel::KThread*>& ThreadList() {
+    Kernel::KProcess::ThreadList& ThreadList() {
         return system.ApplicationProcess()->GetThreadList();
     }
 
diff --git a/src/core/debugger/gdbstub.cpp b/src/core/debugger/gdbstub.cpp
index 2076aa8a2..6f5f5156b 100644
--- a/src/core/debugger/gdbstub.cpp
+++ b/src/core/debugger/gdbstub.cpp
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ static std::string EscapeXML(std::string_view data) {
 
 GDBStub::GDBStub(DebuggerBackend& backend_, Core::System& system_)
     : DebuggerFrontend(backend_), system{system_} {
-    if (system.ApplicationProcess()->Is64BitProcess()) {
+    if (system.ApplicationProcess()->Is64Bit()) {
         arch = std::make_unique<GDBStubA64>();
     } else {
         arch = std::make_unique<GDBStubA32>();
@@ -446,10 +446,10 @@ void GDBStub::HandleBreakpointRemove(std::string_view command) {
 // See osdbg_thread_local_region.os.horizon.hpp and osdbg_thread_type.os.horizon.hpp
 
 static std::optional<std::string> GetNameFromThreadType32(Core::Memory::Memory& memory,
-                                                          const Kernel::KThread* thread) {
+                                                          const Kernel::KThread& thread) {
     // Read thread type from TLS
-    const VAddr tls_thread_type{memory.Read32(thread->GetTlsAddress() + 0x1fc)};
-    const VAddr argument_thread_type{thread->GetArgument()};
+    const VAddr tls_thread_type{memory.Read32(thread.GetTlsAddress() + 0x1fc)};
+    const VAddr argument_thread_type{thread.GetArgument()};
 
     if (argument_thread_type && tls_thread_type != argument_thread_type) {
         // Probably not created by nnsdk, no name available.
@@ -477,10 +477,10 @@ static std::optional<std::string> GetNameFromThreadType32(Core::Memory::Memory&
 }
 
 static std::optional<std::string> GetNameFromThreadType64(Core::Memory::Memory& memory,
-                                                          const Kernel::KThread* thread) {
+                                                          const Kernel::KThread& thread) {
     // Read thread type from TLS
-    const VAddr tls_thread_type{memory.Read64(thread->GetTlsAddress() + 0x1f8)};
-    const VAddr argument_thread_type{thread->GetArgument()};
+    const VAddr tls_thread_type{memory.Read64(thread.GetTlsAddress() + 0x1f8)};
+    const VAddr argument_thread_type{thread.GetArgument()};
 
     if (argument_thread_type && tls_thread_type != argument_thread_type) {
         // Probably not created by nnsdk, no name available.
@@ -508,16 +508,16 @@ static std::optional<std::string> GetNameFromThreadType64(Core::Memory::Memory&
 }
 
 static std::optional<std::string> GetThreadName(Core::System& system,
-                                                const Kernel::KThread* thread) {
-    if (system.ApplicationProcess()->Is64BitProcess()) {
+                                                const Kernel::KThread& thread) {
+    if (system.ApplicationProcess()->Is64Bit()) {
         return GetNameFromThreadType64(system.ApplicationMemory(), thread);
     } else {
         return GetNameFromThreadType32(system.ApplicationMemory(), thread);
     }
 }
 
-static std::string_view GetThreadWaitReason(const Kernel::KThread* thread) {
-    switch (thread->GetWaitReasonForDebugging()) {
+static std::string_view GetThreadWaitReason(const Kernel::KThread& thread) {
+    switch (thread.GetWaitReasonForDebugging()) {
     case Kernel::ThreadWaitReasonForDebugging::Sleep:
         return "Sleep";
     case Kernel::ThreadWaitReasonForDebugging::IPC:
@@ -535,8 +535,8 @@ static std::string_view GetThreadWaitReason(const Kernel::KThread* thread) {
     }
 }
 
-static std::string GetThreadState(const Kernel::KThread* thread) {
-    switch (thread->GetState()) {
+static std::string GetThreadState(const Kernel::KThread& thread) {
+    switch (thread.GetState()) {
     case Kernel::ThreadState::Initialized:
         return "Initialized";
     case Kernel::ThreadState::Waiting:
@@ -604,7 +604,7 @@ void GDBStub::HandleQuery(std::string_view command) {
         const auto& threads = system.ApplicationProcess()->GetThreadList();
         std::vector<std::string> thread_ids;
         for (const auto& thread : threads) {
-            thread_ids.push_back(fmt::format("{:x}", thread->GetThreadId()));
+            thread_ids.push_back(fmt::format("{:x}", thread.GetThreadId()));
         }
         SendReply(fmt::format("m{}", fmt::join(thread_ids, ",")));
     } else if (command.starts_with("sThreadInfo")) {
@@ -616,14 +616,14 @@ void GDBStub::HandleQuery(std::string_view command) {
         buffer += "<threads>";
 
         const auto& threads = system.ApplicationProcess()->GetThreadList();
-        for (const auto* thread : threads) {
+        for (const auto& thread : threads) {
             auto thread_name{GetThreadName(system, thread)};
             if (!thread_name) {
-                thread_name = fmt::format("Thread {:d}", thread->GetThreadId());
+                thread_name = fmt::format("Thread {:d}", thread.GetThreadId());
             }
 
             buffer += fmt::format(R"(<thread id="{:x}" core="{:d}" name="{}">{}</thread>)",
-                                  thread->GetThreadId(), thread->GetActiveCore(),
+                                  thread.GetThreadId(), thread.GetActiveCore(),
                                   EscapeXML(*thread_name), GetThreadState(thread));
         }
 
@@ -850,10 +850,10 @@ void GDBStub::HandleRcmd(const std::vector<u8>& command) {
 }
 
 Kernel::KThread* GDBStub::GetThreadByID(u64 thread_id) {
-    const auto& threads{system.ApplicationProcess()->GetThreadList()};
-    for (auto* thread : threads) {
-        if (thread->GetThreadId() == thread_id) {
-            return thread;
+    auto& threads{system.ApplicationProcess()->GetThreadList()};
+    for (auto& thread : threads) {
+        if (thread.GetThreadId() == thread_id) {
+            return std::addressof(thread);
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/src/core/file_sys/program_metadata.cpp b/src/core/file_sys/program_metadata.cpp
index 8e291ff67..763a44fee 100644
--- a/src/core/file_sys/program_metadata.cpp
+++ b/src/core/file_sys/program_metadata.cpp
@@ -104,16 +104,16 @@ Loader::ResultStatus ProgramMetadata::Reload(VirtualFile file) {
 }
 
 /*static*/ ProgramMetadata ProgramMetadata::GetDefault() {
-    // Allow use of cores 0~3 and thread priorities 1~63.
-    constexpr u32 default_thread_info_capability = 0x30007F7;
+    // Allow use of cores 0~3 and thread priorities 16~63.
+    constexpr u32 default_thread_info_capability = 0x30043F7;
 
     ProgramMetadata result;
 
     result.LoadManual(
         true /*is_64_bit*/, FileSys::ProgramAddressSpaceType::Is39Bit /*address_space*/,
-        0x2c /*main_thread_prio*/, 0 /*main_thread_core*/, 0x00100000 /*main_thread_stack_size*/,
-        0 /*title_id*/, 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF /*filesystem_permissions*/,
-        0x1FE00000 /*system_resource_size*/, {default_thread_info_capability} /*capabilities*/);
+        0x2c /*main_thread_prio*/, 0 /*main_thread_core*/, 0x100000 /*main_thread_stack_size*/,
+        0 /*title_id*/, 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF /*filesystem_permissions*/, 0 /*system_resource_size*/,
+        {default_thread_info_capability} /*capabilities*/);
 
     return result;
 }
diff --git a/src/core/file_sys/program_metadata.h b/src/core/file_sys/program_metadata.h
index 9f8e74b13..76ee97d78 100644
--- a/src/core/file_sys/program_metadata.h
+++ b/src/core/file_sys/program_metadata.h
@@ -73,6 +73,9 @@ public:
     u64 GetFilesystemPermissions() const;
     u32 GetSystemResourceSize() const;
     const KernelCapabilityDescriptors& GetKernelCapabilities() const;
+    const std::array<u8, 0x10>& GetName() const {
+        return npdm_header.application_name;
+    }
 
     void Print() const;
 
@@ -164,14 +167,14 @@ private:
         u32_le unk_size_2;
     };
 
-    Header npdm_header;
-    AciHeader aci_header;
-    AcidHeader acid_header;
+    Header npdm_header{};
+    AciHeader aci_header{};
+    AcidHeader acid_header{};
 
-    FileAccessControl acid_file_access;
-    FileAccessHeader aci_file_access;
+    FileAccessControl acid_file_access{};
+    FileAccessHeader aci_file_access{};
 
-    KernelCapabilityDescriptors aci_kernel_capabilities;
+    KernelCapabilityDescriptors aci_kernel_capabilities{};
 };
 
 } // namespace FileSys
diff --git a/src/core/file_sys/romfs.cpp b/src/core/file_sys/romfs.cpp
index 1c580de57..1eb1f439a 100644
--- a/src/core/file_sys/romfs.cpp
+++ b/src/core/file_sys/romfs.cpp
@@ -35,13 +35,14 @@ struct RomFSHeader {
 static_assert(sizeof(RomFSHeader) == 0x50, "RomFSHeader has incorrect size.");
 
 struct DirectoryEntry {
+    u32_le parent;
     u32_le sibling;
     u32_le child_dir;
     u32_le child_file;
     u32_le hash;
     u32_le name_length;
 };
-static_assert(sizeof(DirectoryEntry) == 0x14, "DirectoryEntry has incorrect size.");
+static_assert(sizeof(DirectoryEntry) == 0x18, "DirectoryEntry has incorrect size.");
 
 struct FileEntry {
     u32_le parent;
@@ -64,25 +65,22 @@ std::pair<Entry, std::string> GetEntry(const VirtualFile& file, std::size_t offs
     return {entry, string};
 }
 
-void ProcessFile(VirtualFile file, std::size_t file_offset, std::size_t data_offset,
-                 u32 this_file_offset, std::shared_ptr<VectorVfsDirectory> parent) {
-    while (true) {
+void ProcessFile(const VirtualFile& file, std::size_t file_offset, std::size_t data_offset,
+                 u32 this_file_offset, std::shared_ptr<VectorVfsDirectory>& parent) {
+    while (this_file_offset != ROMFS_ENTRY_EMPTY) {
         auto entry = GetEntry<FileEntry>(file, file_offset + this_file_offset);
 
         parent->AddFile(std::make_shared<OffsetVfsFile>(
             file, entry.first.size, entry.first.offset + data_offset, entry.second));
 
-        if (entry.first.sibling == ROMFS_ENTRY_EMPTY)
-            break;
-
         this_file_offset = entry.first.sibling;
     }
 }
 
-void ProcessDirectory(VirtualFile file, std::size_t dir_offset, std::size_t file_offset,
+void ProcessDirectory(const VirtualFile& file, std::size_t dir_offset, std::size_t file_offset,
                       std::size_t data_offset, u32 this_dir_offset,
-                      std::shared_ptr<VectorVfsDirectory> parent) {
-    while (true) {
+                      std::shared_ptr<VectorVfsDirectory>& parent) {
+    while (this_dir_offset != ROMFS_ENTRY_EMPTY) {
         auto entry = GetEntry<DirectoryEntry>(file, dir_offset + this_dir_offset);
         auto current = std::make_shared<VectorVfsDirectory>(
             std::vector<VirtualFile>{}, std::vector<VirtualDir>{}, entry.second);
@@ -97,14 +95,12 @@ void ProcessDirectory(VirtualFile file, std::size_t dir_offset, std::size_t file
         }
 
         parent->AddDirectory(current);
-        if (entry.first.sibling == ROMFS_ENTRY_EMPTY)
-            break;
         this_dir_offset = entry.first.sibling;
     }
 }
 } // Anonymous namespace
 
-VirtualDir ExtractRomFS(VirtualFile file, RomFSExtractionType type) {
+VirtualDir ExtractRomFS(VirtualFile file) {
     RomFSHeader header{};
     if (file->ReadObject(&header) != sizeof(RomFSHeader))
         return nullptr;
@@ -113,27 +109,17 @@ VirtualDir ExtractRomFS(VirtualFile file, RomFSExtractionType type) {
         return nullptr;
 
     const u64 file_offset = header.file_meta.offset;
-    const u64 dir_offset = header.directory_meta.offset + 4;
-
-    auto root =
-        std::make_shared<VectorVfsDirectory>(std::vector<VirtualFile>{}, std::vector<VirtualDir>{},
-                                             file->GetName(), file->GetContainingDirectory());
-
-    ProcessDirectory(file, dir_offset, file_offset, header.data_offset, 0, root);
+    const u64 dir_offset = header.directory_meta.offset;
 
-    VirtualDir out = std::move(root);
+    auto root_container = std::make_shared<VectorVfsDirectory>();
 
-    if (type == RomFSExtractionType::SingleDiscard)
-        return out->GetSubdirectories().front();
+    ProcessDirectory(file, dir_offset, file_offset, header.data_offset, 0, root_container);
 
-    while (out->GetSubdirectories().size() == 1 && out->GetFiles().empty()) {
-        if (Common::ToLower(out->GetSubdirectories().front()->GetName()) == "data" &&
-            type == RomFSExtractionType::Truncated)
-            break;
-        out = out->GetSubdirectories().front();
+    if (auto root = root_container->GetSubdirectory(""); root) {
+        return std::make_shared<CachedVfsDirectory>(std::move(root));
     }
 
-    return std::make_shared<CachedVfsDirectory>(std::move(out));
+    return nullptr;
 }
 
 VirtualFile CreateRomFS(VirtualDir dir, VirtualDir ext) {
diff --git a/src/core/file_sys/romfs.h b/src/core/file_sys/romfs.h
index 5d7f0c2a8..b75ff1aad 100644
--- a/src/core/file_sys/romfs.h
+++ b/src/core/file_sys/romfs.h
@@ -7,16 +7,9 @@
 
 namespace FileSys {
 
-enum class RomFSExtractionType {
-    Full,          // Includes data directory
-    Truncated,     // Traverses into data directory
-    SingleDiscard, // Traverses into the first subdirectory of root
-};
-
 // Converts a RomFS binary blob to VFS Filesystem
 // Returns nullptr on failure
-VirtualDir ExtractRomFS(VirtualFile file,
-                        RomFSExtractionType type = RomFSExtractionType::Truncated);
+VirtualDir ExtractRomFS(VirtualFile file);
 
 // Converts a VFS filesystem into a RomFS binary
 // Returns nullptr on failure
diff --git a/src/core/hid/emulated_controller.cpp b/src/core/hid/emulated_controller.cpp
index 2af3f06fc..8e2894449 100644
--- a/src/core/hid/emulated_controller.cpp
+++ b/src/core/hid/emulated_controller.cpp
@@ -1091,30 +1091,30 @@ void EmulatedController::SetBattery(const Common::Input::CallbackStatus& callbac
 
     bool is_charging = false;
     bool is_powered = false;
-    NpadBatteryLevel battery_level = 0;
+    NpadBatteryLevel battery_level = NpadBatteryLevel::Empty;
     switch (controller.battery_values[index]) {
     case Common::Input::BatteryLevel::Charging:
         is_charging = true;
         is_powered = true;
-        battery_level = 6;
+        battery_level = NpadBatteryLevel::Full;
         break;
     case Common::Input::BatteryLevel::Medium:
-        battery_level = 6;
+        battery_level = NpadBatteryLevel::High;
         break;
     case Common::Input::BatteryLevel::Low:
-        battery_level = 4;
+        battery_level = NpadBatteryLevel::Low;
         break;
     case Common::Input::BatteryLevel::Critical:
-        battery_level = 2;
+        battery_level = NpadBatteryLevel::Critical;
         break;
     case Common::Input::BatteryLevel::Empty:
-        battery_level = 0;
+        battery_level = NpadBatteryLevel::Empty;
         break;
     case Common::Input::BatteryLevel::None:
     case Common::Input::BatteryLevel::Full:
     default:
         is_powered = true;
-        battery_level = 8;
+        battery_level = NpadBatteryLevel::Full;
         break;
     }
 
diff --git a/src/core/hid/hid_types.h b/src/core/hid/hid_types.h
index 00beb40dd..7ba75a50c 100644
--- a/src/core/hid/hid_types.h
+++ b/src/core/hid/hid_types.h
@@ -302,6 +302,15 @@ enum class TouchScreenModeForNx : u8 {
     Heat2,
 };
 
+// This is nn::hid::system::NpadBatteryLevel
+enum class NpadBatteryLevel : u32 {
+    Empty,
+    Critical,
+    Low,
+    High,
+    Full,
+};
+
 // This is nn::hid::NpadStyleTag
 struct NpadStyleTag {
     union {
@@ -385,16 +394,12 @@ struct NpadGcTriggerState {
 };
 static_assert(sizeof(NpadGcTriggerState) == 0x10, "NpadGcTriggerState is an invalid size");
 
-// This is nn::hid::system::NpadBatteryLevel
-using NpadBatteryLevel = u32;
-static_assert(sizeof(NpadBatteryLevel) == 0x4, "NpadBatteryLevel is an invalid size");
-
 // This is nn::hid::system::NpadPowerInfo
 struct NpadPowerInfo {
     bool is_powered{};
     bool is_charging{};
     INSERT_PADDING_BYTES(0x6);
-    NpadBatteryLevel battery_level{8};
+    NpadBatteryLevel battery_level{NpadBatteryLevel::Full};
 };
 static_assert(sizeof(NpadPowerInfo) == 0xC, "NpadPowerInfo is an invalid size");
 
diff --git a/src/core/hle/kernel/board/nintendo/nx/k_system_control.cpp b/src/core/hle/kernel/board/nintendo/nx/k_system_control.cpp
index 4cfdf4558..59364efa1 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/kernel/board/nintendo/nx/k_system_control.cpp
+++ b/src/core/hle/kernel/board/nintendo/nx/k_system_control.cpp
@@ -8,7 +8,11 @@
 
 #include "core/hle/kernel/board/nintendo/nx/k_system_control.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/board/nintendo/nx/secure_monitor.h"
+#include "core/hle/kernel/k_memory_manager.h"
+#include "core/hle/kernel/k_page_table.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/k_trace.h"
+#include "core/hle/kernel/kernel.h"
+#include "core/hle/kernel/svc_results.h"
 
 namespace Kernel::Board::Nintendo::Nx {
 
@@ -30,6 +34,8 @@ constexpr const std::size_t RequiredNonSecureSystemMemorySize =
 constexpr const std::size_t RequiredNonSecureSystemMemorySizeWithFatal =
     RequiredNonSecureSystemMemorySize + impl::RequiredNonSecureSystemMemorySizeViFatal;
 
+constexpr const std::size_t SecureAlignment = 128_KiB;
+
 namespace {
 
 using namespace Common::Literals;
@@ -183,4 +189,57 @@ u64 KSystemControl::GenerateRandomRange(u64 min, u64 max) {
     return GenerateUniformRange(min, max, GenerateRandomU64);
 }
 
+size_t KSystemControl::CalculateRequiredSecureMemorySize(size_t size, u32 pool) {
+    if (pool == static_cast<u32>(KMemoryManager::Pool::Applet)) {
+        return 0;
+    } else {
+        // return KSystemControlBase::CalculateRequiredSecureMemorySize(size, pool);
+        return size;
+    }
+}
+
+Result KSystemControl::AllocateSecureMemory(KernelCore& kernel, KVirtualAddress* out, size_t size,
+                                            u32 pool) {
+    // Applet secure memory is handled separately.
+    UNIMPLEMENTED_IF(pool == static_cast<u32>(KMemoryManager::Pool::Applet));
+
+    // Ensure the size is aligned.
+    const size_t alignment =
+        (pool == static_cast<u32>(KMemoryManager::Pool::System) ? PageSize : SecureAlignment);
+    R_UNLESS(Common::IsAligned(size, alignment), ResultInvalidSize);
+
+    // Allocate the memory.
+    const size_t num_pages = size / PageSize;
+    const KPhysicalAddress paddr = kernel.MemoryManager().AllocateAndOpenContinuous(
+        num_pages, alignment / PageSize,
+        KMemoryManager::EncodeOption(static_cast<KMemoryManager::Pool>(pool),
+                                     KMemoryManager::Direction::FromFront));
+    R_UNLESS(paddr != 0, ResultOutOfMemory);
+
+    // Ensure we don't leak references to the memory on error.
+    ON_RESULT_FAILURE {
+        kernel.MemoryManager().Close(paddr, num_pages);
+    };
+
+    // We succeeded.
+    *out = KPageTable::GetHeapVirtualAddress(kernel.MemoryLayout(), paddr);
+    R_SUCCEED();
+}
+
+void KSystemControl::FreeSecureMemory(KernelCore& kernel, KVirtualAddress address, size_t size,
+                                      u32 pool) {
+    // Applet secure memory is handled separately.
+    UNIMPLEMENTED_IF(pool == static_cast<u32>(KMemoryManager::Pool::Applet));
+
+    // Ensure the size is aligned.
+    const size_t alignment =
+        (pool == static_cast<u32>(KMemoryManager::Pool::System) ? PageSize : SecureAlignment);
+    ASSERT(Common::IsAligned(GetInteger(address), alignment));
+    ASSERT(Common::IsAligned(size, alignment));
+
+    // Close the secure region's pages.
+    kernel.MemoryManager().Close(KPageTable::GetHeapPhysicalAddress(kernel.MemoryLayout(), address),
+                                 size / PageSize);
+}
+
 } // namespace Kernel::Board::Nintendo::Nx
diff --git a/src/core/hle/kernel/board/nintendo/nx/k_system_control.h b/src/core/hle/kernel/board/nintendo/nx/k_system_control.h
index b477e8193..ff1feec70 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/kernel/board/nintendo/nx/k_system_control.h
+++ b/src/core/hle/kernel/board/nintendo/nx/k_system_control.h
@@ -4,6 +4,11 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include "core/hle/kernel/k_typed_address.h"
+#include "core/hle/result.h"
+
+namespace Kernel {
+class KernelCore;
+}
 
 namespace Kernel::Board::Nintendo::Nx {
 
@@ -25,8 +30,16 @@ public:
         static std::size_t GetMinimumNonSecureSystemPoolSize();
     };
 
+    // Randomness.
     static u64 GenerateRandomRange(u64 min, u64 max);
     static u64 GenerateRandomU64();
+
+    // Secure Memory.
+    static size_t CalculateRequiredSecureMemorySize(size_t size, u32 pool);
+    static Result AllocateSecureMemory(KernelCore& kernel, KVirtualAddress* out, size_t size,
+                                       u32 pool);
+    static void FreeSecureMemory(KernelCore& kernel, KVirtualAddress address, size_t size,
+                                 u32 pool);
 };
 
 } // namespace Kernel::Board::Nintendo::Nx
diff --git a/src/core/hle/kernel/k_capabilities.h b/src/core/hle/kernel/k_capabilities.h
index de766c811..ebd4eedb1 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/kernel/k_capabilities.h
+++ b/src/core/hle/kernel/k_capabilities.h
@@ -200,8 +200,8 @@ private:
 
         RawCapabilityValue raw;
         BitField<0, 15, CapabilityType> id;
-        BitField<15, 4, u32> major_version;
-        BitField<19, 13, u32> minor_version;
+        BitField<15, 4, u32> minor_version;
+        BitField<19, 13, u32> major_version;
     };
 
     union HandleTable {
diff --git a/src/core/hle/kernel/k_condition_variable.cpp b/src/core/hle/kernel/k_condition_variable.cpp
index efbac0e6a..7633a51fb 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/kernel/k_condition_variable.cpp
+++ b/src/core/hle/kernel/k_condition_variable.cpp
@@ -107,12 +107,12 @@ KConditionVariable::KConditionVariable(Core::System& system)
 
 KConditionVariable::~KConditionVariable() = default;
 
-Result KConditionVariable::SignalToAddress(KProcessAddress addr) {
-    KThread* owner_thread = GetCurrentThreadPointer(m_kernel);
+Result KConditionVariable::SignalToAddress(KernelCore& kernel, KProcessAddress addr) {
+    KThread* owner_thread = GetCurrentThreadPointer(kernel);
 
     // Signal the address.
     {
-        KScopedSchedulerLock sl(m_kernel);
+        KScopedSchedulerLock sl(kernel);
 
         // Remove waiter thread.
         bool has_waiters{};
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ Result KConditionVariable::SignalToAddress(KProcessAddress addr) {
 
         // Write the value to userspace.
         Result result{ResultSuccess};
-        if (WriteToUser(m_kernel, addr, std::addressof(next_value))) [[likely]] {
+        if (WriteToUser(kernel, addr, std::addressof(next_value))) [[likely]] {
             result = ResultSuccess;
         } else {
             result = ResultInvalidCurrentMemory;
@@ -148,28 +148,28 @@ Result KConditionVariable::SignalToAddress(KProcessAddress addr) {
     }
 }
 
-Result KConditionVariable::WaitForAddress(Handle handle, KProcessAddress addr, u32 value) {
-    KThread* cur_thread = GetCurrentThreadPointer(m_kernel);
-    ThreadQueueImplForKConditionVariableWaitForAddress wait_queue(m_kernel);
+Result KConditionVariable::WaitForAddress(KernelCore& kernel, Handle handle, KProcessAddress addr,
+                                          u32 value) {
+    KThread* cur_thread = GetCurrentThreadPointer(kernel);
+    ThreadQueueImplForKConditionVariableWaitForAddress wait_queue(kernel);
 
     // Wait for the address.
     KThread* owner_thread{};
     {
-        KScopedSchedulerLock sl(m_kernel);
+        KScopedSchedulerLock sl(kernel);
 
         // Check if the thread should terminate.
         R_UNLESS(!cur_thread->IsTerminationRequested(), ResultTerminationRequested);
 
         // Read the tag from userspace.
         u32 test_tag{};
-        R_UNLESS(ReadFromUser(m_kernel, std::addressof(test_tag), addr),
-                 ResultInvalidCurrentMemory);
+        R_UNLESS(ReadFromUser(kernel, std::addressof(test_tag), addr), ResultInvalidCurrentMemory);
 
         // If the tag isn't the handle (with wait mask), we're done.
         R_SUCCEED_IF(test_tag != (handle | Svc::HandleWaitMask));
 
         // Get the lock owner thread.
-        owner_thread = GetCurrentProcess(m_kernel)
+        owner_thread = GetCurrentProcess(kernel)
                            .GetHandleTable()
                            .GetObjectWithoutPseudoHandle<KThread>(handle)
                            .ReleasePointerUnsafe();
diff --git a/src/core/hle/kernel/k_condition_variable.h b/src/core/hle/kernel/k_condition_variable.h
index 8c2f3ae51..2620c8e39 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/kernel/k_condition_variable.h
+++ b/src/core/hle/kernel/k_condition_variable.h
@@ -24,11 +24,12 @@ public:
     explicit KConditionVariable(Core::System& system);
     ~KConditionVariable();
 
-    // Arbitration
-    Result SignalToAddress(KProcessAddress addr);
-    Result WaitForAddress(Handle handle, KProcessAddress addr, u32 value);
+    // Arbitration.
+    static Result SignalToAddress(KernelCore& kernel, KProcessAddress addr);
+    static Result WaitForAddress(KernelCore& kernel, Handle handle, KProcessAddress addr,
+                                 u32 value);
 
-    // Condition variable
+    // Condition variable.
     void Signal(u64 cv_key, s32 count);
     Result Wait(KProcessAddress addr, u64 key, u32 value, s64 timeout);
 
diff --git a/src/core/hle/kernel/k_interrupt_manager.cpp b/src/core/hle/kernel/k_interrupt_manager.cpp
index fe6a20168..22d79569a 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/kernel/k_interrupt_manager.cpp
+++ b/src/core/hle/kernel/k_interrupt_manager.cpp
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ void HandleInterrupt(KernelCore& kernel, s32 core_id) {
             KScopedSchedulerLock sl{kernel};
 
             // Pin the current thread.
-            process->PinCurrentThread(core_id);
+            process->PinCurrentThread();
 
             // Set the interrupt flag for the thread.
             GetCurrentThread(kernel).SetInterruptFlag();
diff --git a/src/core/hle/kernel/k_memory_manager.cpp b/src/core/hle/kernel/k_memory_manager.cpp
index 637558e10..cdc5572d8 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/kernel/k_memory_manager.cpp
+++ b/src/core/hle/kernel/k_memory_manager.cpp
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 #include "core/hle/kernel/initial_process.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/k_memory_manager.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/k_page_group.h"
+#include "core/hle/kernel/k_page_table.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/kernel.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/svc_results.h"
 
@@ -168,11 +169,37 @@ void KMemoryManager::Initialize(KVirtualAddress management_region, size_t manage
 }
 
 Result KMemoryManager::InitializeOptimizedMemory(u64 process_id, Pool pool) {
-    UNREACHABLE();
+    const u32 pool_index = static_cast<u32>(pool);
+
+    // Lock the pool.
+    KScopedLightLock lk(m_pool_locks[pool_index]);
+
+    // Check that we don't already have an optimized process.
+    R_UNLESS(!m_has_optimized_process[pool_index], ResultBusy);
+
+    // Set the optimized process id.
+    m_optimized_process_ids[pool_index] = process_id;
+    m_has_optimized_process[pool_index] = true;
+
+    // Clear the management area for the optimized process.
+    for (auto* manager = this->GetFirstManager(pool, Direction::FromFront); manager != nullptr;
+         manager = this->GetNextManager(manager, Direction::FromFront)) {
+        manager->InitializeOptimizedMemory(m_system.Kernel());
+    }
+
+    R_SUCCEED();
 }
 
 void KMemoryManager::FinalizeOptimizedMemory(u64 process_id, Pool pool) {
-    UNREACHABLE();
+    const u32 pool_index = static_cast<u32>(pool);
+
+    // Lock the pool.
+    KScopedLightLock lk(m_pool_locks[pool_index]);
+
+    // If the process was optimized, clear it.
+    if (m_has_optimized_process[pool_index] && m_optimized_process_ids[pool_index] == process_id) {
+        m_has_optimized_process[pool_index] = false;
+    }
 }
 
 KPhysicalAddress KMemoryManager::AllocateAndOpenContinuous(size_t num_pages, size_t align_pages,
@@ -207,7 +234,7 @@ KPhysicalAddress KMemoryManager::AllocateAndOpenContinuous(size_t num_pages, siz
 
     // Maintain the optimized memory bitmap, if we should.
     if (m_has_optimized_process[static_cast<size_t>(pool)]) {
-        UNIMPLEMENTED();
+        chosen_manager->TrackUnoptimizedAllocation(m_system.Kernel(), allocated_block, num_pages);
     }
 
     // Open the first reference to the pages.
@@ -255,7 +282,8 @@ Result KMemoryManager::AllocatePageGroupImpl(KPageGroup* out, size_t num_pages,
 
                 // Maintain the optimized memory bitmap, if we should.
                 if (unoptimized) {
-                    UNIMPLEMENTED();
+                    cur_manager->TrackUnoptimizedAllocation(m_system.Kernel(), allocated_block,
+                                                            pages_per_alloc);
                 }
 
                 num_pages -= pages_per_alloc;
@@ -358,8 +386,8 @@ Result KMemoryManager::AllocateForProcess(KPageGroup* out, size_t num_pages, u32
                     // Process part or all of the block.
                     const size_t cur_pages =
                         std::min(remaining_pages, manager.GetPageOffsetToEnd(cur_address));
-                    any_new =
-                        manager.ProcessOptimizedAllocation(cur_address, cur_pages, fill_pattern);
+                    any_new = manager.ProcessOptimizedAllocation(m_system.Kernel(), cur_address,
+                                                                 cur_pages, fill_pattern);
 
                     // Advance.
                     cur_address += cur_pages * PageSize;
@@ -382,7 +410,7 @@ Result KMemoryManager::AllocateForProcess(KPageGroup* out, size_t num_pages, u32
                     // Track some or all of the current pages.
                     const size_t cur_pages =
                         std::min(remaining_pages, manager.GetPageOffsetToEnd(cur_address));
-                    manager.TrackOptimizedAllocation(cur_address, cur_pages);
+                    manager.TrackOptimizedAllocation(m_system.Kernel(), cur_address, cur_pages);
 
                     // Advance.
                     cur_address += cur_pages * PageSize;
@@ -427,17 +455,86 @@ size_t KMemoryManager::Impl::Initialize(KPhysicalAddress address, size_t size,
     return total_management_size;
 }
 
-void KMemoryManager::Impl::TrackUnoptimizedAllocation(KPhysicalAddress block, size_t num_pages) {
-    UNREACHABLE();
+void KMemoryManager::Impl::InitializeOptimizedMemory(KernelCore& kernel) {
+    auto optimize_pa =
+        KPageTable::GetHeapPhysicalAddress(kernel.MemoryLayout(), m_management_region);
+    auto* optimize_map = kernel.System().DeviceMemory().GetPointer<u64>(optimize_pa);
+
+    std::memset(optimize_map, 0, CalculateOptimizedProcessOverheadSize(m_heap.GetSize()));
 }
 
-void KMemoryManager::Impl::TrackOptimizedAllocation(KPhysicalAddress block, size_t num_pages) {
-    UNREACHABLE();
+void KMemoryManager::Impl::TrackUnoptimizedAllocation(KernelCore& kernel, KPhysicalAddress block,
+                                                      size_t num_pages) {
+    auto optimize_pa =
+        KPageTable::GetHeapPhysicalAddress(kernel.MemoryLayout(), m_management_region);
+    auto* optimize_map = kernel.System().DeviceMemory().GetPointer<u64>(optimize_pa);
+
+    // Get the range we're tracking.
+    size_t offset = this->GetPageOffset(block);
+    const size_t last = offset + num_pages - 1;
+
+    // Track.
+    while (offset <= last) {
+        // Mark the page as not being optimized-allocated.
+        optimize_map[offset / Common::BitSize<u64>()] &=
+            ~(u64(1) << (offset % Common::BitSize<u64>()));
+
+        offset++;
+    }
+}
+
+void KMemoryManager::Impl::TrackOptimizedAllocation(KernelCore& kernel, KPhysicalAddress block,
+                                                    size_t num_pages) {
+    auto optimize_pa =
+        KPageTable::GetHeapPhysicalAddress(kernel.MemoryLayout(), m_management_region);
+    auto* optimize_map = kernel.System().DeviceMemory().GetPointer<u64>(optimize_pa);
+
+    // Get the range we're tracking.
+    size_t offset = this->GetPageOffset(block);
+    const size_t last = offset + num_pages - 1;
+
+    // Track.
+    while (offset <= last) {
+        // Mark the page as being optimized-allocated.
+        optimize_map[offset / Common::BitSize<u64>()] |=
+            (u64(1) << (offset % Common::BitSize<u64>()));
+
+        offset++;
+    }
 }
 
-bool KMemoryManager::Impl::ProcessOptimizedAllocation(KPhysicalAddress block, size_t num_pages,
-                                                      u8 fill_pattern) {
-    UNREACHABLE();
+bool KMemoryManager::Impl::ProcessOptimizedAllocation(KernelCore& kernel, KPhysicalAddress block,
+                                                      size_t num_pages, u8 fill_pattern) {
+    auto& device_memory = kernel.System().DeviceMemory();
+    auto optimize_pa =
+        KPageTable::GetHeapPhysicalAddress(kernel.MemoryLayout(), m_management_region);
+    auto* optimize_map = device_memory.GetPointer<u64>(optimize_pa);
+
+    // We want to return whether any pages were newly allocated.
+    bool any_new = false;
+
+    // Get the range we're processing.
+    size_t offset = this->GetPageOffset(block);
+    const size_t last = offset + num_pages - 1;
+
+    // Process.
+    while (offset <= last) {
+        // Check if the page has been optimized-allocated before.
+        if ((optimize_map[offset / Common::BitSize<u64>()] &
+             (u64(1) << (offset % Common::BitSize<u64>()))) == 0) {
+            // If not, it's new.
+            any_new = true;
+
+            // Fill the page.
+            auto* ptr = device_memory.GetPointer<u8>(m_heap.GetAddress());
+            std::memset(ptr + offset * PageSize, fill_pattern, PageSize);
+        }
+
+        offset++;
+    }
+
+    // Return the number of pages we processed.
+    return any_new;
 }
 
 size_t KMemoryManager::Impl::CalculateManagementOverheadSize(size_t region_size) {
diff --git a/src/core/hle/kernel/k_memory_manager.h b/src/core/hle/kernel/k_memory_manager.h
index 7e4b41319..c5a487af9 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/kernel/k_memory_manager.h
+++ b/src/core/hle/kernel/k_memory_manager.h
@@ -216,14 +216,14 @@ private:
             m_heap.SetInitialUsedSize(reserved_size);
         }
 
-        void InitializeOptimizedMemory() {
-            UNIMPLEMENTED();
-        }
+        void InitializeOptimizedMemory(KernelCore& kernel);
 
-        void TrackUnoptimizedAllocation(KPhysicalAddress block, size_t num_pages);
-        void TrackOptimizedAllocation(KPhysicalAddress block, size_t num_pages);
+        void TrackUnoptimizedAllocation(KernelCore& kernel, KPhysicalAddress block,
+                                        size_t num_pages);
+        void TrackOptimizedAllocation(KernelCore& kernel, KPhysicalAddress block, size_t num_pages);
 
-        bool ProcessOptimizedAllocation(KPhysicalAddress block, size_t num_pages, u8 fill_pattern);
+        bool ProcessOptimizedAllocation(KernelCore& kernel, KPhysicalAddress block,
+                                        size_t num_pages, u8 fill_pattern);
 
         constexpr Pool GetPool() const {
             return m_pool;
diff --git a/src/core/hle/kernel/k_page_table.cpp b/src/core/hle/kernel/k_page_table.cpp
index 217ccbae3..1d47bdf6b 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/kernel/k_page_table.cpp
+++ b/src/core/hle/kernel/k_page_table.cpp
@@ -82,14 +82,14 @@ public:
 
 using namespace Common::Literals;
 
-constexpr size_t GetAddressSpaceWidthFromType(FileSys::ProgramAddressSpaceType as_type) {
+constexpr size_t GetAddressSpaceWidthFromType(Svc::CreateProcessFlag as_type) {
     switch (as_type) {
-    case FileSys::ProgramAddressSpaceType::Is32Bit:
-    case FileSys::ProgramAddressSpaceType::Is32BitNoMap:
+    case Svc::CreateProcessFlag::AddressSpace32Bit:
+    case Svc::CreateProcessFlag::AddressSpace32BitWithoutAlias:
         return 32;
-    case FileSys::ProgramAddressSpaceType::Is36Bit:
+    case Svc::CreateProcessFlag::AddressSpace64BitDeprecated:
         return 36;
-    case FileSys::ProgramAddressSpaceType::Is39Bit:
+    case Svc::CreateProcessFlag::AddressSpace64Bit:
         return 39;
     default:
         ASSERT(false);
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ KPageTable::KPageTable(Core::System& system_)
 
 KPageTable::~KPageTable() = default;
 
-Result KPageTable::InitializeForProcess(FileSys::ProgramAddressSpaceType as_type, bool enable_aslr,
+Result KPageTable::InitializeForProcess(Svc::CreateProcessFlag as_type, bool enable_aslr,
                                         bool enable_das_merge, bool from_back,
                                         KMemoryManager::Pool pool, KProcessAddress code_addr,
                                         size_t code_size, KSystemResource* system_resource,
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ Result KPageTable::InitializeForProcess(FileSys::ProgramAddressSpaceType as_type
     ASSERT(code_addr + code_size - 1 <= end - 1);
 
     // Adjust heap/alias size if we don't have an alias region
-    if (as_type == FileSys::ProgramAddressSpaceType::Is32BitNoMap) {
+    if (as_type == Svc::CreateProcessFlag::AddressSpace32BitWithoutAlias) {
         heap_region_size += alias_region_size;
         alias_region_size = 0;
     }
diff --git a/src/core/hle/kernel/k_page_table.h b/src/core/hle/kernel/k_page_table.h
index 3d64b6fb0..66f16faaf 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/kernel/k_page_table.h
+++ b/src/core/hle/kernel/k_page_table.h
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ public:
     explicit KPageTable(Core::System& system_);
     ~KPageTable();
 
-    Result InitializeForProcess(FileSys::ProgramAddressSpaceType as_type, bool enable_aslr,
+    Result InitializeForProcess(Svc::CreateProcessFlag as_type, bool enable_aslr,
                                 bool enable_das_merge, bool from_back, KMemoryManager::Pool pool,
                                 KProcessAddress code_addr, size_t code_size,
                                 KSystemResource* system_resource, KResourceLimit* resource_limit,
@@ -400,7 +400,7 @@ public:
     constexpr size_t GetAliasCodeRegionSize() const {
         return m_alias_code_region_end - m_alias_code_region_start;
     }
-    size_t GetNormalMemorySize() {
+    size_t GetNormalMemorySize() const {
         KScopedLightLock lk(m_general_lock);
         return GetHeapSize() + m_mapped_physical_memory_size;
     }
diff --git a/src/core/hle/kernel/k_process.cpp b/src/core/hle/kernel/k_process.cpp
index 7fa34d693..1f4b0755d 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/kernel/k_process.cpp
+++ b/src/core/hle/kernel/k_process.cpp
@@ -1,515 +1,598 @@
-// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2015 Citra Emulator Project
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2023 yuzu Emulator Project
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 
-#include <algorithm>
-#include <bitset>
-#include <ctime>
-#include <memory>
 #include <random>
-#include "common/alignment.h"
-#include "common/assert.h"
-#include "common/logging/log.h"
 #include "common/scope_exit.h"
 #include "common/settings.h"
 #include "core/core.h"
-#include "core/file_sys/program_metadata.h"
-#include "core/hle/kernel/code_set.h"
-#include "core/hle/kernel/k_memory_block_manager.h"
-#include "core/hle/kernel/k_page_table.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/k_process.h"
-#include "core/hle/kernel/k_resource_limit.h"
-#include "core/hle/kernel/k_scheduler.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/k_scoped_resource_reservation.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/k_shared_memory.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/k_shared_memory_info.h"
-#include "core/hle/kernel/k_thread.h"
-#include "core/hle/kernel/kernel.h"
-#include "core/hle/kernel/svc_results.h"
-#include "core/memory.h"
+#include "core/hle/kernel/k_thread_local_page.h"
+#include "core/hle/kernel/k_thread_queue.h"
+#include "core/hle/kernel/k_worker_task_manager.h"
 
 namespace Kernel {
-namespace {
-/**
- * Sets up the primary application thread
- *
- * @param system The system instance to create the main thread under.
- * @param owner_process The parent process for the main thread
- * @param priority The priority to give the main thread
- */
-void SetupMainThread(Core::System& system, KProcess& owner_process, u32 priority,
-                     KProcessAddress stack_top) {
-    const KProcessAddress entry_point = owner_process.GetEntryPoint();
-    ASSERT(owner_process.GetResourceLimit()->Reserve(LimitableResource::ThreadCountMax, 1));
-
-    KThread* thread = KThread::Create(system.Kernel());
-    SCOPE_EXIT({ thread->Close(); });
-
-    ASSERT(KThread::InitializeUserThread(system, thread, entry_point, 0, stack_top, priority,
-                                         owner_process.GetIdealCoreId(),
-                                         std::addressof(owner_process))
-               .IsSuccess());
-
-    // Register 1 must be a handle to the main thread
-    Handle thread_handle{};
-    owner_process.GetHandleTable().Add(std::addressof(thread_handle), thread);
-
-    thread->GetContext32().cpu_registers[0] = 0;
-    thread->GetContext64().cpu_registers[0] = 0;
-    thread->GetContext32().cpu_registers[1] = thread_handle;
-    thread->GetContext64().cpu_registers[1] = thread_handle;
-
-    if (system.DebuggerEnabled()) {
-        thread->RequestSuspend(SuspendType::Debug);
-    }
 
-    // Run our thread.
-    void(thread->Run());
-}
-} // Anonymous namespace
+namespace {
 
-Result KProcess::Initialize(KProcess* process, Core::System& system, std::string process_name,
-                            ProcessType type, KResourceLimit* res_limit) {
-    auto& kernel = system.Kernel();
+Result TerminateChildren(KernelCore& kernel, KProcess* process,
+                         const KThread* thread_to_not_terminate) {
+    // Request that all children threads terminate.
+    {
+        KScopedLightLock proc_lk(process->GetListLock());
+        KScopedSchedulerLock sl(kernel);
+
+        if (thread_to_not_terminate != nullptr &&
+            process->GetPinnedThread(GetCurrentCoreId(kernel)) == thread_to_not_terminate) {
+            // NOTE: Here Nintendo unpins the current thread instead of the thread_to_not_terminate.
+            // This is valid because the only caller which uses non-nullptr as argument uses
+            // GetCurrentThreadPointer(), but it's still notable because it seems incorrect at
+            // first glance.
+            process->UnpinCurrentThread();
+        }
 
-    process->name = std::move(process_name);
-    process->m_resource_limit = res_limit;
-    process->m_system_resource_address = 0;
-    process->m_state = State::Created;
-    process->m_program_id = 0;
-    process->m_process_id = type == ProcessType::KernelInternal ? kernel.CreateNewKernelProcessID()
-                                                                : kernel.CreateNewUserProcessID();
-    process->m_capabilities.InitializeForMetadatalessProcess();
-    process->m_is_initialized = true;
+        auto& thread_list = process->GetThreadList();
+        for (auto it = thread_list.begin(); it != thread_list.end(); ++it) {
+            if (KThread* thread = std::addressof(*it); thread != thread_to_not_terminate) {
+                if (thread->GetState() != ThreadState::Terminated) {
+                    thread->RequestTerminate();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
 
-    std::mt19937 rng(Settings::values.rng_seed_enabled ? Settings::values.rng_seed.GetValue()
-                                                       : static_cast<u32>(std::time(nullptr)));
-    std::uniform_int_distribution<u64> distribution;
-    std::generate(process->m_random_entropy.begin(), process->m_random_entropy.end(),
-                  [&] { return distribution(rng); });
+    // Wait for all children threads to terminate.
+    while (true) {
+        // Get the next child.
+        KThread* cur_child = nullptr;
+        {
+            KScopedLightLock proc_lk(process->GetListLock());
+
+            auto& thread_list = process->GetThreadList();
+            for (auto it = thread_list.begin(); it != thread_list.end(); ++it) {
+                if (KThread* thread = std::addressof(*it); thread != thread_to_not_terminate) {
+                    if (thread->GetState() != ThreadState::Terminated) {
+                        if (thread->Open()) {
+                            cur_child = thread;
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
 
-    kernel.AppendNewProcess(process);
+        // If we didn't find any non-terminated children, we're done.
+        if (cur_child == nullptr) {
+            break;
+        }
 
-    // Clear remaining fields.
-    process->m_num_running_threads = 0;
-    process->m_is_signaled = false;
-    process->m_exception_thread = nullptr;
-    process->m_is_suspended = false;
-    process->m_schedule_count = 0;
-    process->m_is_handle_table_initialized = false;
-    process->m_is_hbl = false;
+        // Terminate and close the thread.
+        SCOPE_EXIT({ cur_child->Close(); });
 
-    // Open a reference to the resource limit.
-    process->m_resource_limit->Open();
+        if (const Result terminate_result = cur_child->Terminate();
+            ResultTerminationRequested == terminate_result) {
+            R_THROW(terminate_result);
+        }
+    }
 
     R_SUCCEED();
 }
 
-void KProcess::DoWorkerTaskImpl() {
-    UNIMPLEMENTED();
-}
-
-KResourceLimit* KProcess::GetResourceLimit() const {
-    return m_resource_limit;
-}
+class ThreadQueueImplForKProcessEnterUserException final : public KThreadQueue {
+private:
+    KThread** m_exception_thread;
 
-void KProcess::IncrementRunningThreadCount() {
-    ASSERT(m_num_running_threads.load() >= 0);
-    ++m_num_running_threads;
-}
+public:
+    explicit ThreadQueueImplForKProcessEnterUserException(KernelCore& kernel, KThread** t)
+        : KThreadQueue(kernel), m_exception_thread(t) {}
 
-void KProcess::DecrementRunningThreadCount() {
-    ASSERT(m_num_running_threads.load() > 0);
+    virtual void EndWait(KThread* waiting_thread, Result wait_result) override {
+        // Set the exception thread.
+        *m_exception_thread = waiting_thread;
 
-    if (const auto prev = m_num_running_threads--; prev == 1) {
-        // TODO(bunnei): Process termination to be implemented when multiprocess is supported.
+        // Invoke the base end wait handler.
+        KThreadQueue::EndWait(waiting_thread, wait_result);
     }
-}
 
-u64 KProcess::GetTotalPhysicalMemoryAvailable() {
-    const u64 capacity{m_resource_limit->GetFreeValue(LimitableResource::PhysicalMemoryMax) +
-                       m_page_table.GetNormalMemorySize() + GetSystemResourceSize() + m_image_size +
-                       m_main_thread_stack_size};
-    if (const auto pool_size = m_kernel.MemoryManager().GetSize(KMemoryManager::Pool::Application);
-        capacity != pool_size) {
-        LOG_WARNING(Kernel, "capacity {} != application pool size {}", capacity, pool_size);
-    }
-    if (capacity < m_memory_usage_capacity) {
-        return capacity;
+    virtual void CancelWait(KThread* waiting_thread, Result wait_result,
+                            bool cancel_timer_task) override {
+        // Remove the thread as a waiter on its mutex owner.
+        waiting_thread->GetLockOwner()->RemoveWaiter(waiting_thread);
+
+        // Invoke the base cancel wait handler.
+        KThreadQueue::CancelWait(waiting_thread, wait_result, cancel_timer_task);
     }
-    return m_memory_usage_capacity;
-}
+};
 
-u64 KProcess::GetTotalPhysicalMemoryAvailableWithoutSystemResource() {
-    return this->GetTotalPhysicalMemoryAvailable() - this->GetSystemResourceSize();
+void GenerateRandom(std::span<u64> out_random) {
+    std::mt19937 rng(Settings::values.rng_seed_enabled ? Settings::values.rng_seed.GetValue()
+                                                       : static_cast<u32>(std::time(nullptr)));
+    std::uniform_int_distribution<u64> distribution;
+    std::generate(out_random.begin(), out_random.end(), [&] { return distribution(rng); });
 }
 
-u64 KProcess::GetTotalPhysicalMemoryUsed() {
-    return m_image_size + m_main_thread_stack_size + m_page_table.GetNormalMemorySize() +
-           this->GetSystemResourceSize();
-}
+} // namespace
 
-u64 KProcess::GetTotalPhysicalMemoryUsedWithoutSystemResource() {
-    return this->GetTotalPhysicalMemoryUsed() - this->GetSystemResourceSize();
-}
+void KProcess::Finalize() {
+    // Delete the process local region.
+    this->DeleteThreadLocalRegion(m_plr_address);
 
-bool KProcess::ReleaseUserException(KThread* thread) {
-    KScopedSchedulerLock sl{m_kernel};
+    // Get the used memory size.
+    const size_t used_memory_size = this->GetUsedNonSystemUserPhysicalMemorySize();
 
-    if (m_exception_thread == thread) {
-        m_exception_thread = nullptr;
+    // Finalize the page table.
+    m_page_table.Finalize();
 
-        // Remove waiter thread.
-        bool has_waiters{};
-        if (KThread* next = thread->RemoveKernelWaiterByKey(
-                std::addressof(has_waiters),
-                reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(std::addressof(m_exception_thread)));
-            next != nullptr) {
-            next->EndWait(ResultSuccess);
+    // Finish using our system resource.
+    if (m_system_resource) {
+        if (m_system_resource->IsSecureResource()) {
+            // Finalize optimized memory. If memory wasn't optimized, this is a no-op.
+            m_kernel.MemoryManager().FinalizeOptimizedMemory(this->GetId(), m_memory_pool);
         }
 
-        KScheduler::SetSchedulerUpdateNeeded(m_kernel);
-
-        return true;
-    } else {
-        return false;
+        m_system_resource->Close();
+        m_system_resource = nullptr;
     }
-}
-
-void KProcess::PinCurrentThread(s32 core_id) {
-    ASSERT(KScheduler::IsSchedulerLockedByCurrentThread(m_kernel));
 
-    // Get the current thread.
-    KThread* cur_thread =
-        m_kernel.Scheduler(static_cast<std::size_t>(core_id)).GetSchedulerCurrentThread();
+    // Free all shared memory infos.
+    {
+        auto it = m_shared_memory_list.begin();
+        while (it != m_shared_memory_list.end()) {
+            KSharedMemoryInfo* info = std::addressof(*it);
+            KSharedMemory* shmem = info->GetSharedMemory();
 
-    // If the thread isn't terminated, pin it.
-    if (!cur_thread->IsTerminationRequested()) {
-        // Pin it.
-        this->PinThread(core_id, cur_thread);
-        cur_thread->Pin(core_id);
+            while (!info->Close()) {
+                shmem->Close();
+            }
+            shmem->Close();
 
-        // An update is needed.
-        KScheduler::SetSchedulerUpdateNeeded(m_kernel);
+            it = m_shared_memory_list.erase(it);
+            KSharedMemoryInfo::Free(m_kernel, info);
+        }
     }
-}
 
-void KProcess::UnpinCurrentThread(s32 core_id) {
-    ASSERT(KScheduler::IsSchedulerLockedByCurrentThread(m_kernel));
-
-    // Get the current thread.
-    KThread* cur_thread =
-        m_kernel.Scheduler(static_cast<std::size_t>(core_id)).GetSchedulerCurrentThread();
+    // Our thread local page list must be empty at this point.
+    ASSERT(m_partially_used_tlp_tree.empty());
+    ASSERT(m_fully_used_tlp_tree.empty());
 
-    // Unpin it.
-    cur_thread->Unpin();
-    this->UnpinThread(core_id, cur_thread);
+    // Release memory to the resource limit.
+    if (m_resource_limit != nullptr) {
+        ASSERT(used_memory_size >= m_memory_release_hint);
+        m_resource_limit->Release(Svc::LimitableResource::PhysicalMemoryMax, used_memory_size,
+                                  used_memory_size - m_memory_release_hint);
+        m_resource_limit->Close();
+    }
 
-    // An update is needed.
-    KScheduler::SetSchedulerUpdateNeeded(m_kernel);
+    // Perform inherited finalization.
+    KSynchronizationObject::Finalize();
 }
 
-void KProcess::UnpinThread(KThread* thread) {
-    ASSERT(KScheduler::IsSchedulerLockedByCurrentThread(m_kernel));
-
-    // Get the thread's core id.
-    const auto core_id = thread->GetActiveCore();
+Result KProcess::Initialize(const Svc::CreateProcessParameter& params, KResourceLimit* res_limit,
+                            bool is_real) {
+    // TODO: remove this special case
+    if (is_real) {
+        // Create and clear the process local region.
+        R_TRY(this->CreateThreadLocalRegion(std::addressof(m_plr_address)));
+        this->GetMemory().ZeroBlock(m_plr_address, Svc::ThreadLocalRegionSize);
+    }
 
-    // Unpin it.
-    this->UnpinThread(core_id, thread);
-    thread->Unpin();
+    // Copy in the name from parameters.
+    static_assert(sizeof(params.name) < sizeof(m_name));
+    std::memcpy(m_name.data(), params.name.data(), sizeof(params.name));
+    m_name[sizeof(params.name)] = 0;
+
+    // Set misc fields.
+    m_state = State::Created;
+    m_main_thread_stack_size = 0;
+    m_used_kernel_memory_size = 0;
+    m_ideal_core_id = 0;
+    m_flags = params.flags;
+    m_version = params.version;
+    m_program_id = params.program_id;
+    m_code_address = params.code_address;
+    m_code_size = params.code_num_pages * PageSize;
+    m_is_application = True(params.flags & Svc::CreateProcessFlag::IsApplication);
+
+    // Set thread fields.
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < Core::Hardware::NUM_CPU_CORES; i++) {
+        m_running_threads[i] = nullptr;
+        m_pinned_threads[i] = nullptr;
+        m_running_thread_idle_counts[i] = 0;
+        m_running_thread_switch_counts[i] = 0;
+    }
 
-    // An update is needed.
-    KScheduler::SetSchedulerUpdateNeeded(m_kernel);
-}
+    // Set max memory based on address space type.
+    switch ((params.flags & Svc::CreateProcessFlag::AddressSpaceMask)) {
+    case Svc::CreateProcessFlag::AddressSpace32Bit:
+    case Svc::CreateProcessFlag::AddressSpace64BitDeprecated:
+    case Svc::CreateProcessFlag::AddressSpace64Bit:
+        m_max_process_memory = m_page_table.GetHeapRegionSize();
+        break;
+    case Svc::CreateProcessFlag::AddressSpace32BitWithoutAlias:
+        m_max_process_memory = m_page_table.GetHeapRegionSize() + m_page_table.GetAliasRegionSize();
+        break;
+    default:
+        UNREACHABLE();
+    }
 
-Result KProcess::AddSharedMemory(KSharedMemory* shmem, [[maybe_unused]] KProcessAddress address,
-                                 [[maybe_unused]] size_t size) {
-    // Lock ourselves, to prevent concurrent access.
-    KScopedLightLock lk(m_state_lock);
+    // Generate random entropy.
+    GenerateRandom(m_entropy);
 
-    // Try to find an existing info for the memory.
-    KSharedMemoryInfo* shemen_info = nullptr;
-    const auto iter = std::find_if(
-        m_shared_memory_list.begin(), m_shared_memory_list.end(),
-        [shmem](const KSharedMemoryInfo* info) { return info->GetSharedMemory() == shmem; });
-    if (iter != m_shared_memory_list.end()) {
-        shemen_info = *iter;
-    }
+    // Clear remaining fields.
+    m_num_running_threads = 0;
+    m_num_process_switches = 0;
+    m_num_thread_switches = 0;
+    m_num_fpu_switches = 0;
+    m_num_supervisor_calls = 0;
+    m_num_ipc_messages = 0;
 
-    if (shemen_info == nullptr) {
-        shemen_info = KSharedMemoryInfo::Allocate(m_kernel);
-        R_UNLESS(shemen_info != nullptr, ResultOutOfMemory);
+    m_is_signaled = false;
+    m_exception_thread = nullptr;
+    m_is_suspended = false;
+    m_memory_release_hint = 0;
+    m_schedule_count = 0;
+    m_is_handle_table_initialized = false;
 
-        shemen_info->Initialize(shmem);
-        m_shared_memory_list.push_back(shemen_info);
-    }
+    // Open a reference to our resource limit.
+    m_resource_limit = res_limit;
+    m_resource_limit->Open();
 
-    // Open a reference to the shared memory and its info.
-    shmem->Open();
-    shemen_info->Open();
+    // We're initialized!
+    m_is_initialized = true;
 
     R_SUCCEED();
 }
 
-void KProcess::RemoveSharedMemory(KSharedMemory* shmem, [[maybe_unused]] KProcessAddress address,
-                                  [[maybe_unused]] size_t size) {
-    // Lock ourselves, to prevent concurrent access.
-    KScopedLightLock lk(m_state_lock);
+Result KProcess::Initialize(const Svc::CreateProcessParameter& params, const KPageGroup& pg,
+                            std::span<const u32> caps, KResourceLimit* res_limit,
+                            KMemoryManager::Pool pool, bool immortal) {
+    ASSERT(res_limit != nullptr);
+    ASSERT((params.code_num_pages * PageSize) / PageSize ==
+           static_cast<size_t>(params.code_num_pages));
+
+    // Set members.
+    m_memory_pool = pool;
+    m_is_default_application_system_resource = false;
+    m_is_immortal = immortal;
+
+    // Setup our system resource.
+    if (const size_t system_resource_num_pages = params.system_resource_num_pages;
+        system_resource_num_pages != 0) {
+        // Create a secure system resource.
+        KSecureSystemResource* secure_resource = KSecureSystemResource::Create(m_kernel);
+        R_UNLESS(secure_resource != nullptr, ResultOutOfResource);
+
+        ON_RESULT_FAILURE {
+            secure_resource->Close();
+        };
+
+        // Initialize the secure resource.
+        R_TRY(secure_resource->Initialize(system_resource_num_pages * PageSize, res_limit,
+                                          m_memory_pool));
+
+        // Set our system resource.
+        m_system_resource = secure_resource;
+    } else {
+        // Use the system-wide system resource.
+        const bool is_app = True(params.flags & Svc::CreateProcessFlag::IsApplication);
+        m_system_resource = std::addressof(is_app ? m_kernel.GetAppSystemResource()
+                                                  : m_kernel.GetSystemSystemResource());
 
-    KSharedMemoryInfo* shemen_info = nullptr;
-    const auto iter = std::find_if(
-        m_shared_memory_list.begin(), m_shared_memory_list.end(),
-        [shmem](const KSharedMemoryInfo* info) { return info->GetSharedMemory() == shmem; });
-    if (iter != m_shared_memory_list.end()) {
-        shemen_info = *iter;
+        m_is_default_application_system_resource = is_app;
+
+        // Open reference to the system resource.
+        m_system_resource->Open();
     }
 
-    ASSERT(shemen_info != nullptr);
+    // Ensure we clean up our secure resource, if we fail.
+    ON_RESULT_FAILURE {
+        m_system_resource->Close();
+        m_system_resource = nullptr;
+    };
 
-    if (shemen_info->Close()) {
-        m_shared_memory_list.erase(iter);
-        KSharedMemoryInfo::Free(m_kernel, shemen_info);
+    // Setup page table.
+    {
+        const auto as_type = params.flags & Svc::CreateProcessFlag::AddressSpaceMask;
+        const bool enable_aslr = True(params.flags & Svc::CreateProcessFlag::EnableAslr);
+        const bool enable_das_merge =
+            False(params.flags & Svc::CreateProcessFlag::DisableDeviceAddressSpaceMerge);
+        R_TRY(m_page_table.InitializeForProcess(
+            as_type, enable_aslr, enable_das_merge, !enable_aslr, pool, params.code_address,
+            params.code_num_pages * PageSize, m_system_resource, res_limit, this->GetMemory()));
     }
+    ON_RESULT_FAILURE_2 {
+        m_page_table.Finalize();
+    };
 
-    // Close a reference to the shared memory.
-    shmem->Close();
-}
+    // Ensure we can insert the code region.
+    R_UNLESS(m_page_table.CanContain(params.code_address, params.code_num_pages * PageSize,
+                                     KMemoryState::Code),
+             ResultInvalidMemoryRegion);
 
-void KProcess::RegisterThread(KThread* thread) {
-    KScopedLightLock lk{m_list_lock};
+    // Map the code region.
+    R_TRY(m_page_table.MapPageGroup(params.code_address, pg, KMemoryState::Code,
+                                    KMemoryPermission::KernelRead));
 
-    m_thread_list.push_back(thread);
-}
+    // Initialize capabilities.
+    R_TRY(m_capabilities.InitializeForKip(caps, std::addressof(m_page_table)));
 
-void KProcess::UnregisterThread(KThread* thread) {
-    KScopedLightLock lk{m_list_lock};
+    // Initialize the process id.
+    m_process_id = m_kernel.CreateNewUserProcessID();
+    ASSERT(InitialProcessIdMin <= m_process_id);
+    ASSERT(m_process_id <= InitialProcessIdMax);
 
-    m_thread_list.remove(thread);
-}
+    // Initialize the rest of the process.
+    R_TRY(this->Initialize(params, res_limit, true));
 
-u64 KProcess::GetFreeThreadCount() const {
-    if (m_resource_limit != nullptr) {
-        const auto current_value =
-            m_resource_limit->GetCurrentValue(LimitableResource::ThreadCountMax);
-        const auto limit_value = m_resource_limit->GetLimitValue(LimitableResource::ThreadCountMax);
-        return limit_value - current_value;
-    } else {
-        return 0;
-    }
+    // We succeeded!
+    R_SUCCEED();
 }
 
-Result KProcess::Reset() {
-    // Lock the process and the scheduler.
-    KScopedLightLock lk(m_state_lock);
-    KScopedSchedulerLock sl{m_kernel};
+Result KProcess::Initialize(const Svc::CreateProcessParameter& params,
+                            std::span<const u32> user_caps, KResourceLimit* res_limit,
+                            KMemoryManager::Pool pool) {
+    ASSERT(res_limit != nullptr);
 
-    // Validate that we're in a state that we can reset.
-    R_UNLESS(m_state != State::Terminated, ResultInvalidState);
-    R_UNLESS(m_is_signaled, ResultInvalidState);
+    // Set members.
+    m_memory_pool = pool;
+    m_is_default_application_system_resource = false;
+    m_is_immortal = false;
 
-    // Clear signaled.
-    m_is_signaled = false;
-    R_SUCCEED();
-}
+    // Get the memory sizes.
+    const size_t code_num_pages = params.code_num_pages;
+    const size_t system_resource_num_pages = params.system_resource_num_pages;
+    const size_t code_size = code_num_pages * PageSize;
+    const size_t system_resource_size = system_resource_num_pages * PageSize;
 
-Result KProcess::SetActivity(ProcessActivity activity) {
-    // Lock ourselves and the scheduler.
-    KScopedLightLock lk{m_state_lock};
-    KScopedLightLock list_lk{m_list_lock};
-    KScopedSchedulerLock sl{m_kernel};
+    // Reserve memory for our code resource.
+    KScopedResourceReservation memory_reservation(
+        res_limit, Svc::LimitableResource::PhysicalMemoryMax, code_size);
+    R_UNLESS(memory_reservation.Succeeded(), ResultLimitReached);
 
-    // Validate our state.
-    R_UNLESS(m_state != State::Terminating, ResultInvalidState);
-    R_UNLESS(m_state != State::Terminated, ResultInvalidState);
+    // Setup our system resource.
+    if (system_resource_num_pages != 0) {
+        // Create a secure system resource.
+        KSecureSystemResource* secure_resource = KSecureSystemResource::Create(m_kernel);
+        R_UNLESS(secure_resource != nullptr, ResultOutOfResource);
 
-    // Either pause or resume.
-    if (activity == ProcessActivity::Paused) {
-        // Verify that we're not suspended.
-        R_UNLESS(!m_is_suspended, ResultInvalidState);
+        ON_RESULT_FAILURE {
+            secure_resource->Close();
+        };
 
-        // Suspend all threads.
-        for (auto* thread : this->GetThreadList()) {
-            thread->RequestSuspend(SuspendType::Process);
-        }
+        // Initialize the secure resource.
+        R_TRY(secure_resource->Initialize(system_resource_size, res_limit, m_memory_pool));
+
+        // Set our system resource.
+        m_system_resource = secure_resource;
 
-        // Set ourselves as suspended.
-        this->SetSuspended(true);
     } else {
-        ASSERT(activity == ProcessActivity::Runnable);
+        // Use the system-wide system resource.
+        const bool is_app = True(params.flags & Svc::CreateProcessFlag::IsApplication);
+        m_system_resource = std::addressof(is_app ? m_kernel.GetAppSystemResource()
+                                                  : m_kernel.GetSystemSystemResource());
 
-        // Verify that we're suspended.
-        R_UNLESS(m_is_suspended, ResultInvalidState);
+        m_is_default_application_system_resource = is_app;
 
-        // Resume all threads.
-        for (auto* thread : this->GetThreadList()) {
-            thread->Resume(SuspendType::Process);
-        }
+        // Open reference to the system resource.
+        m_system_resource->Open();
+    }
 
-        // Set ourselves as resumed.
-        this->SetSuspended(false);
+    // Ensure we clean up our secure resource, if we fail.
+    ON_RESULT_FAILURE {
+        m_system_resource->Close();
+        m_system_resource = nullptr;
+    };
+
+    // Setup page table.
+    {
+        const auto as_type = params.flags & Svc::CreateProcessFlag::AddressSpaceMask;
+        const bool enable_aslr = True(params.flags & Svc::CreateProcessFlag::EnableAslr);
+        const bool enable_das_merge =
+            False(params.flags & Svc::CreateProcessFlag::DisableDeviceAddressSpaceMerge);
+        R_TRY(m_page_table.InitializeForProcess(as_type, enable_aslr, enable_das_merge,
+                                                !enable_aslr, pool, params.code_address, code_size,
+                                                m_system_resource, res_limit, this->GetMemory()));
+    }
+    ON_RESULT_FAILURE_2 {
+        m_page_table.Finalize();
+    };
+
+    // Ensure we can insert the code region.
+    R_UNLESS(m_page_table.CanContain(params.code_address, code_size, KMemoryState::Code),
+             ResultInvalidMemoryRegion);
+
+    // Map the code region.
+    R_TRY(m_page_table.MapPages(params.code_address, code_num_pages, KMemoryState::Code,
+                                KMemoryPermission::KernelRead | KMemoryPermission::NotMapped));
+
+    // Initialize capabilities.
+    R_TRY(m_capabilities.InitializeForUser(user_caps, std::addressof(m_page_table)));
+
+    // Initialize the process id.
+    m_process_id = m_kernel.CreateNewUserProcessID();
+    ASSERT(ProcessIdMin <= m_process_id);
+    ASSERT(m_process_id <= ProcessIdMax);
+
+    // If we should optimize memory allocations, do so.
+    if (m_system_resource->IsSecureResource() &&
+        True(params.flags & Svc::CreateProcessFlag::OptimizeMemoryAllocation)) {
+        R_TRY(m_kernel.MemoryManager().InitializeOptimizedMemory(m_process_id, pool));
     }
 
+    // Initialize the rest of the process.
+    R_TRY(this->Initialize(params, res_limit, true));
+
+    // We succeeded, so commit our memory reservation.
+    memory_reservation.Commit();
     R_SUCCEED();
 }
 
-Result KProcess::LoadFromMetadata(const FileSys::ProgramMetadata& metadata, std::size_t code_size,
-                                  bool is_hbl) {
-    m_program_id = metadata.GetTitleID();
-    m_ideal_core = metadata.GetMainThreadCore();
-    m_is_64bit_process = metadata.Is64BitProgram();
-    m_system_resource_size = metadata.GetSystemResourceSize();
-    m_image_size = code_size;
-    m_is_hbl = is_hbl;
+void KProcess::DoWorkerTaskImpl() {
+    // Terminate child threads.
+    TerminateChildren(m_kernel, this, nullptr);
 
-    if (metadata.GetAddressSpaceType() == FileSys::ProgramAddressSpaceType::Is39Bit) {
-        // For 39-bit processes, the ASLR region starts at 0x800'0000 and is ~512GiB large.
-        // However, some (buggy) programs/libraries like skyline incorrectly depend on the
-        // existence of ASLR pages before the entry point, so we will adjust the load address
-        // to point to about 2GiB into the ASLR region.
-        m_code_address = 0x8000'0000;
-    } else {
-        // All other processes can be mapped at the beginning of the code region.
-        if (metadata.GetAddressSpaceType() == FileSys::ProgramAddressSpaceType::Is36Bit) {
-            m_code_address = 0x800'0000;
-        } else {
-            m_code_address = 0x20'0000;
-        }
+    // Finalize the handle table, if we're not immortal.
+    if (!m_is_immortal && m_is_handle_table_initialized) {
+        this->FinalizeHandleTable();
     }
 
-    KScopedResourceReservation memory_reservation(
-        m_resource_limit, LimitableResource::PhysicalMemoryMax, code_size + m_system_resource_size);
-    if (!memory_reservation.Succeeded()) {
-        LOG_ERROR(Kernel, "Could not reserve process memory requirements of size {:X} bytes",
-                  code_size + m_system_resource_size);
-        R_RETURN(ResultLimitReached);
-    }
-    // Initialize process address space
-    if (const Result result{m_page_table.InitializeForProcess(
-            metadata.GetAddressSpaceType(), false, false, false, KMemoryManager::Pool::Application,
-            this->GetEntryPoint(), code_size, std::addressof(m_kernel.GetAppSystemResource()),
-            m_resource_limit, m_kernel.System().ApplicationMemory())};
-        result.IsError()) {
-        R_RETURN(result);
-    }
-
-    // Map process code region
-    if (const Result result{m_page_table.MapProcessCode(this->GetEntryPoint(), code_size / PageSize,
-                                                        KMemoryState::Code,
-                                                        KMemoryPermission::None)};
-        result.IsError()) {
-        R_RETURN(result);
-    }
-
-    // Initialize process capabilities
-    const auto& caps{metadata.GetKernelCapabilities()};
-    if (const Result result{
-            m_capabilities.InitializeForUserProcess(caps.data(), caps.size(), m_page_table)};
-        result.IsError()) {
-        R_RETURN(result);
-    }
-
-    // Set memory usage capacity
-    switch (metadata.GetAddressSpaceType()) {
-    case FileSys::ProgramAddressSpaceType::Is32Bit:
-    case FileSys::ProgramAddressSpaceType::Is36Bit:
-    case FileSys::ProgramAddressSpaceType::Is39Bit:
-        m_memory_usage_capacity =
-            m_page_table.GetHeapRegionEnd() - m_page_table.GetHeapRegionStart();
-        break;
+    // Finish termination.
+    this->FinishTermination();
+}
 
-    case FileSys::ProgramAddressSpaceType::Is32BitNoMap:
-        m_memory_usage_capacity =
-            (m_page_table.GetHeapRegionEnd() - m_page_table.GetHeapRegionStart()) +
-            (m_page_table.GetAliasRegionEnd() - m_page_table.GetAliasRegionStart());
-        break;
+Result KProcess::StartTermination() {
+    // Finalize the handle table when we're done, if the process isn't immortal.
+    SCOPE_EXIT({
+        if (!m_is_immortal) {
+            this->FinalizeHandleTable();
+        }
+    });
 
-    default:
-        ASSERT(false);
-        break;
-    }
+    // Terminate child threads other than the current one.
+    R_RETURN(TerminateChildren(m_kernel, this, GetCurrentThreadPointer(m_kernel)));
+}
 
-    // Create TLS region
-    R_TRY(this->CreateThreadLocalRegion(std::addressof(m_plr_address)));
-    memory_reservation.Commit();
+void KProcess::FinishTermination() {
+    // Only allow termination to occur if the process isn't immortal.
+    if (!m_is_immortal) {
+        // Release resource limit hint.
+        if (m_resource_limit != nullptr) {
+            m_memory_release_hint = this->GetUsedNonSystemUserPhysicalMemorySize();
+            m_resource_limit->Release(Svc::LimitableResource::PhysicalMemoryMax, 0,
+                                      m_memory_release_hint);
+        }
+
+        // Change state.
+        {
+            KScopedSchedulerLock sl(m_kernel);
+            this->ChangeState(State::Terminated);
+        }
 
-    R_RETURN(m_handle_table.Initialize(m_capabilities.GetHandleTableSize()));
+        // Close.
+        this->Close();
+    }
 }
 
-void KProcess::Run(s32 main_thread_priority, u64 stack_size) {
-    ASSERT(this->AllocateMainThreadStack(stack_size) == ResultSuccess);
-    m_resource_limit->Reserve(LimitableResource::ThreadCountMax, 1);
+void KProcess::Exit() {
+    // Determine whether we need to start terminating
+    bool needs_terminate = false;
+    {
+        KScopedLightLock lk(m_state_lock);
+        KScopedSchedulerLock sl(m_kernel);
+
+        ASSERT(m_state != State::Created);
+        ASSERT(m_state != State::CreatedAttached);
+        ASSERT(m_state != State::Crashed);
+        ASSERT(m_state != State::Terminated);
+        if (m_state == State::Running || m_state == State::RunningAttached ||
+            m_state == State::DebugBreak) {
+            this->ChangeState(State::Terminating);
+            needs_terminate = true;
+        }
+    }
 
-    const std::size_t heap_capacity{m_memory_usage_capacity -
-                                    (m_main_thread_stack_size + m_image_size)};
-    ASSERT(!m_page_table.SetMaxHeapSize(heap_capacity).IsError());
+    // If we need to start termination, do so.
+    if (needs_terminate) {
+        this->StartTermination();
 
-    this->ChangeState(State::Running);
+        // Register the process as a work task.
+        m_kernel.WorkerTaskManager().AddTask(m_kernel, KWorkerTaskManager::WorkerType::Exit, this);
+    }
 
-    SetupMainThread(m_kernel.System(), *this, main_thread_priority, m_main_thread_stack_top);
+    // Exit the current thread.
+    GetCurrentThread(m_kernel).Exit();
 }
 
-void KProcess::PrepareForTermination() {
-    this->ChangeState(State::Terminating);
+Result KProcess::Terminate() {
+    // Determine whether we need to start terminating.
+    bool needs_terminate = false;
+    {
+        KScopedLightLock lk(m_state_lock);
 
-    const auto stop_threads = [this](const std::vector<KThread*>& in_thread_list) {
-        for (auto* thread : in_thread_list) {
-            if (thread->GetOwnerProcess() != this)
-                continue;
+        // Check whether we're allowed to terminate.
+        R_UNLESS(m_state != State::Created, ResultInvalidState);
+        R_UNLESS(m_state != State::CreatedAttached, ResultInvalidState);
 
-            if (thread == GetCurrentThreadPointer(m_kernel))
-                continue;
+        KScopedSchedulerLock sl(m_kernel);
 
-            // TODO(Subv): When are the other running/ready threads terminated?
-            ASSERT_MSG(thread->GetState() == ThreadState::Waiting,
-                       "Exiting processes with non-waiting threads is currently unimplemented");
+        if (m_state == State::Running || m_state == State::RunningAttached ||
+            m_state == State::Crashed || m_state == State::DebugBreak) {
+            this->ChangeState(State::Terminating);
+            needs_terminate = true;
+        }
+    }
 
-            thread->Exit();
+    // If we need to terminate, do so.
+    if (needs_terminate) {
+        // Start termination.
+        if (R_SUCCEEDED(this->StartTermination())) {
+            // Finish termination.
+            this->FinishTermination();
+        } else {
+            // Register the process as a work task.
+            m_kernel.WorkerTaskManager().AddTask(m_kernel, KWorkerTaskManager::WorkerType::Exit,
+                                                 this);
         }
-    };
+    }
 
-    stop_threads(m_kernel.System().GlobalSchedulerContext().GetThreadList());
+    R_SUCCEED();
+}
 
-    this->DeleteThreadLocalRegion(m_plr_address);
-    m_plr_address = 0;
+Result KProcess::AddSharedMemory(KSharedMemory* shmem, KProcessAddress address, size_t size) {
+    // Lock ourselves, to prevent concurrent access.
+    KScopedLightLock lk(m_state_lock);
 
-    if (m_resource_limit) {
-        m_resource_limit->Release(LimitableResource::PhysicalMemoryMax,
-                                  m_main_thread_stack_size + m_image_size);
+    // Try to find an existing info for the memory.
+    KSharedMemoryInfo* info = nullptr;
+    for (auto it = m_shared_memory_list.begin(); it != m_shared_memory_list.end(); ++it) {
+        if (it->GetSharedMemory() == shmem) {
+            info = std::addressof(*it);
+            break;
+        }
     }
 
-    this->ChangeState(State::Terminated);
-}
+    // If we didn't find an info, create one.
+    if (info == nullptr) {
+        // Allocate a new info.
+        info = KSharedMemoryInfo::Allocate(m_kernel);
+        R_UNLESS(info != nullptr, ResultOutOfResource);
 
-void KProcess::Finalize() {
-    // Free all shared memory infos.
-    {
-        auto it = m_shared_memory_list.begin();
-        while (it != m_shared_memory_list.end()) {
-            KSharedMemoryInfo* info = *it;
-            KSharedMemory* shmem = info->GetSharedMemory();
+        // Initialize the info and add it to our list.
+        info->Initialize(shmem);
+        m_shared_memory_list.push_back(*info);
+    }
 
-            while (!info->Close()) {
-                shmem->Close();
-            }
+    // Open a reference to the shared memory and its info.
+    shmem->Open();
+    info->Open();
 
-            shmem->Close();
+    R_SUCCEED();
+}
 
-            it = m_shared_memory_list.erase(it);
-            KSharedMemoryInfo::Free(m_kernel, info);
+void KProcess::RemoveSharedMemory(KSharedMemory* shmem, KProcessAddress address, size_t size) {
+    // Lock ourselves, to prevent concurrent access.
+    KScopedLightLock lk(m_state_lock);
+
+    // Find an existing info for the memory.
+    KSharedMemoryInfo* info = nullptr;
+    auto it = m_shared_memory_list.begin();
+    for (; it != m_shared_memory_list.end(); ++it) {
+        if (it->GetSharedMemory() == shmem) {
+            info = std::addressof(*it);
+            break;
         }
     }
+    ASSERT(info != nullptr);
 
-    // Release memory to the resource limit.
-    if (m_resource_limit != nullptr) {
-        m_resource_limit->Close();
-        m_resource_limit = nullptr;
+    // Close a reference to the info and its memory.
+    if (info->Close()) {
+        m_shared_memory_list.erase(it);
+        KSharedMemoryInfo::Free(m_kernel, info);
     }
 
-    // Finalize the page table.
-    m_page_table.Finalize();
-
-    // Perform inherited finalization.
-    KSynchronizationObject::Finalize();
+    shmem->Close();
 }
 
 Result KProcess::CreateThreadLocalRegion(KProcessAddress* out) {
@@ -518,7 +601,7 @@ Result KProcess::CreateThreadLocalRegion(KProcessAddress* out) {
 
     // See if we can get a region from a partially used TLP.
     {
-        KScopedSchedulerLock sl{m_kernel};
+        KScopedSchedulerLock sl(m_kernel);
 
         if (auto it = m_partially_used_tlp_tree.begin(); it != m_partially_used_tlp_tree.end()) {
             tlr = it->Reserve();
@@ -538,7 +621,9 @@ Result KProcess::CreateThreadLocalRegion(KProcessAddress* out) {
     // Allocate a new page.
     tlp = KThreadLocalPage::Allocate(m_kernel);
     R_UNLESS(tlp != nullptr, ResultOutOfMemory);
-    auto tlp_guard = SCOPE_GUARD({ KThreadLocalPage::Free(m_kernel, tlp); });
+    ON_RESULT_FAILURE {
+        KThreadLocalPage::Free(m_kernel, tlp);
+    };
 
     // Initialize the new page.
     R_TRY(tlp->Initialize(m_kernel, this));
@@ -549,7 +634,7 @@ Result KProcess::CreateThreadLocalRegion(KProcessAddress* out) {
 
     // Insert into our tree.
     {
-        KScopedSchedulerLock sl{m_kernel};
+        KScopedSchedulerLock sl(m_kernel);
         if (tlp->IsAllUsed()) {
             m_fully_used_tlp_tree.insert(*tlp);
         } else {
@@ -558,7 +643,6 @@ Result KProcess::CreateThreadLocalRegion(KProcessAddress* out) {
     }
 
     // We succeeded!
-    tlp_guard.Cancel();
     *out = tlr;
     R_SUCCEED();
 }
@@ -568,7 +652,7 @@ Result KProcess::DeleteThreadLocalRegion(KProcessAddress addr) {
 
     // Release the region.
     {
-        KScopedSchedulerLock sl{m_kernel};
+        KScopedSchedulerLock sl(m_kernel);
 
         // Try to find the page in the partially used list.
         auto it = m_partially_used_tlp_tree.find_key(Common::AlignDown(GetInteger(addr), PageSize));
@@ -611,95 +695,213 @@ Result KProcess::DeleteThreadLocalRegion(KProcessAddress addr) {
     R_SUCCEED();
 }
 
-bool KProcess::InsertWatchpoint(KProcessAddress addr, u64 size, DebugWatchpointType type) {
-    const auto watch{std::find_if(m_watchpoints.begin(), m_watchpoints.end(), [&](const auto& wp) {
-        return wp.type == DebugWatchpointType::None;
-    })};
+bool KProcess::ReserveResource(Svc::LimitableResource which, s64 value) {
+    if (KResourceLimit* rl = this->GetResourceLimit(); rl != nullptr) {
+        return rl->Reserve(which, value);
+    } else {
+        return true;
+    }
+}
 
-    if (watch == m_watchpoints.end()) {
-        return false;
+bool KProcess::ReserveResource(Svc::LimitableResource which, s64 value, s64 timeout) {
+    if (KResourceLimit* rl = this->GetResourceLimit(); rl != nullptr) {
+        return rl->Reserve(which, value, timeout);
+    } else {
+        return true;
     }
+}
 
-    watch->start_address = addr;
-    watch->end_address = addr + size;
-    watch->type = type;
+void KProcess::ReleaseResource(Svc::LimitableResource which, s64 value) {
+    if (KResourceLimit* rl = this->GetResourceLimit(); rl != nullptr) {
+        rl->Release(which, value);
+    }
+}
 
-    for (KProcessAddress page = Common::AlignDown(GetInteger(addr), PageSize); page < addr + size;
-         page += PageSize) {
-        m_debug_page_refcounts[page]++;
-        this->GetMemory().MarkRegionDebug(page, PageSize, true);
+void KProcess::ReleaseResource(Svc::LimitableResource which, s64 value, s64 hint) {
+    if (KResourceLimit* rl = this->GetResourceLimit(); rl != nullptr) {
+        rl->Release(which, value, hint);
     }
+}
 
-    return true;
+void KProcess::IncrementRunningThreadCount() {
+    ASSERT(m_num_running_threads.load() >= 0);
+
+    ++m_num_running_threads;
 }
 
-bool KProcess::RemoveWatchpoint(KProcessAddress addr, u64 size, DebugWatchpointType type) {
-    const auto watch{std::find_if(m_watchpoints.begin(), m_watchpoints.end(), [&](const auto& wp) {
-        return wp.start_address == addr && wp.end_address == addr + size && wp.type == type;
-    })};
+void KProcess::DecrementRunningThreadCount() {
+    ASSERT(m_num_running_threads.load() > 0);
 
-    if (watch == m_watchpoints.end()) {
+    if (const auto prev = m_num_running_threads--; prev == 1) {
+        this->Terminate();
+    }
+}
+
+bool KProcess::EnterUserException() {
+    // Get the current thread.
+    KThread* cur_thread = GetCurrentThreadPointer(m_kernel);
+    ASSERT(this == cur_thread->GetOwnerProcess());
+
+    // Check that we haven't already claimed the exception thread.
+    if (m_exception_thread == cur_thread) {
         return false;
     }
 
-    watch->start_address = 0;
-    watch->end_address = 0;
-    watch->type = DebugWatchpointType::None;
+    // Create the wait queue we'll be using.
+    ThreadQueueImplForKProcessEnterUserException wait_queue(m_kernel,
+                                                            std::addressof(m_exception_thread));
 
-    for (KProcessAddress page = Common::AlignDown(GetInteger(addr), PageSize); page < addr + size;
-         page += PageSize) {
-        m_debug_page_refcounts[page]--;
-        if (!m_debug_page_refcounts[page]) {
-            this->GetMemory().MarkRegionDebug(page, PageSize, false);
+    // Claim the exception thread.
+    {
+        // Lock the scheduler.
+        KScopedSchedulerLock sl(m_kernel);
+
+        // Check that we're not terminating.
+        if (cur_thread->IsTerminationRequested()) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // If we don't have an exception thread, we can just claim it directly.
+        if (m_exception_thread == nullptr) {
+            m_exception_thread = cur_thread;
+            KScheduler::SetSchedulerUpdateNeeded(m_kernel);
+            return true;
         }
+
+        // Otherwise, we need to wait until we don't have an exception thread.
+
+        // Add the current thread as a waiter on the current exception thread.
+        cur_thread->SetKernelAddressKey(
+            reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(std::addressof(m_exception_thread)) | 1);
+        m_exception_thread->AddWaiter(cur_thread);
+
+        // Wait to claim the exception thread.
+        cur_thread->BeginWait(std::addressof(wait_queue));
     }
 
-    return true;
+    // If our wait didn't end due to thread termination, we succeeded.
+    return ResultTerminationRequested != cur_thread->GetWaitResult();
 }
 
-void KProcess::LoadModule(CodeSet code_set, KProcessAddress base_addr) {
-    const auto ReprotectSegment = [&](const CodeSet::Segment& segment,
-                                      Svc::MemoryPermission permission) {
-        m_page_table.SetProcessMemoryPermission(segment.addr + base_addr, segment.size, permission);
-    };
+bool KProcess::LeaveUserException() {
+    return this->ReleaseUserException(GetCurrentThreadPointer(m_kernel));
+}
 
-    this->GetMemory().WriteBlock(base_addr, code_set.memory.data(), code_set.memory.size());
+bool KProcess::ReleaseUserException(KThread* thread) {
+    KScopedSchedulerLock sl(m_kernel);
 
-    ReprotectSegment(code_set.CodeSegment(), Svc::MemoryPermission::ReadExecute);
-    ReprotectSegment(code_set.RODataSegment(), Svc::MemoryPermission::Read);
-    ReprotectSegment(code_set.DataSegment(), Svc::MemoryPermission::ReadWrite);
+    if (m_exception_thread == thread) {
+        m_exception_thread = nullptr;
+
+        // Remove waiter thread.
+        bool has_waiters;
+        if (KThread* next = thread->RemoveKernelWaiterByKey(
+                std::addressof(has_waiters),
+                reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(std::addressof(m_exception_thread)) | 1);
+            next != nullptr) {
+            next->EndWait(ResultSuccess);
+        }
+
+        KScheduler::SetSchedulerUpdateNeeded(m_kernel);
+
+        return true;
+    } else {
+        return false;
+    }
 }
 
-bool KProcess::IsSignaled() const {
-    ASSERT(KScheduler::IsSchedulerLockedByCurrentThread(m_kernel));
-    return m_is_signaled;
+void KProcess::RegisterThread(KThread* thread) {
+    KScopedLightLock lk(m_list_lock);
+
+    m_thread_list.push_back(*thread);
 }
 
-KProcess::KProcess(KernelCore& kernel)
-    : KAutoObjectWithSlabHeapAndContainer{kernel}, m_page_table{m_kernel.System()},
-      m_handle_table{m_kernel}, m_address_arbiter{m_kernel.System()},
-      m_condition_var{m_kernel.System()}, m_state_lock{m_kernel}, m_list_lock{m_kernel} {}
+void KProcess::UnregisterThread(KThread* thread) {
+    KScopedLightLock lk(m_list_lock);
 
-KProcess::~KProcess() = default;
+    m_thread_list.erase(m_thread_list.iterator_to(*thread));
+}
+
+size_t KProcess::GetUsedUserPhysicalMemorySize() const {
+    const size_t norm_size = m_page_table.GetNormalMemorySize();
+    const size_t other_size = m_code_size + m_main_thread_stack_size;
+    const size_t sec_size = this->GetRequiredSecureMemorySizeNonDefault();
 
-void KProcess::ChangeState(State new_state) {
-    if (m_state == new_state) {
-        return;
+    return norm_size + other_size + sec_size;
+}
+
+size_t KProcess::GetTotalUserPhysicalMemorySize() const {
+    // Get the amount of free and used size.
+    const size_t free_size =
+        m_resource_limit->GetFreeValue(Svc::LimitableResource::PhysicalMemoryMax);
+    const size_t max_size = m_max_process_memory;
+
+    // Determine used size.
+    // NOTE: This does *not* check this->IsDefaultApplicationSystemResource(), unlike
+    // GetUsedUserPhysicalMemorySize().
+    const size_t norm_size = m_page_table.GetNormalMemorySize();
+    const size_t other_size = m_code_size + m_main_thread_stack_size;
+    const size_t sec_size = this->GetRequiredSecureMemorySize();
+    const size_t used_size = norm_size + other_size + sec_size;
+
+    // NOTE: These function calls will recalculate, introducing a race...it is unclear why Nintendo
+    // does it this way.
+    if (used_size + free_size > max_size) {
+        return max_size;
+    } else {
+        return free_size + this->GetUsedUserPhysicalMemorySize();
     }
+}
 
-    m_state = new_state;
-    m_is_signaled = true;
-    this->NotifyAvailable();
+size_t KProcess::GetUsedNonSystemUserPhysicalMemorySize() const {
+    const size_t norm_size = m_page_table.GetNormalMemorySize();
+    const size_t other_size = m_code_size + m_main_thread_stack_size;
+
+    return norm_size + other_size;
+}
+
+size_t KProcess::GetTotalNonSystemUserPhysicalMemorySize() const {
+    // Get the amount of free and used size.
+    const size_t free_size =
+        m_resource_limit->GetFreeValue(Svc::LimitableResource::PhysicalMemoryMax);
+    const size_t max_size = m_max_process_memory;
+
+    // Determine used size.
+    // NOTE: This does *not* check this->IsDefaultApplicationSystemResource(), unlike
+    // GetUsedUserPhysicalMemorySize().
+    const size_t norm_size = m_page_table.GetNormalMemorySize();
+    const size_t other_size = m_code_size + m_main_thread_stack_size;
+    const size_t sec_size = this->GetRequiredSecureMemorySize();
+    const size_t used_size = norm_size + other_size + sec_size;
+
+    // NOTE: These function calls will recalculate, introducing a race...it is unclear why Nintendo
+    // does it this way.
+    if (used_size + free_size > max_size) {
+        return max_size - this->GetRequiredSecureMemorySizeNonDefault();
+    } else {
+        return free_size + this->GetUsedNonSystemUserPhysicalMemorySize();
+    }
 }
 
-Result KProcess::AllocateMainThreadStack(std::size_t stack_size) {
+Result KProcess::Run(s32 priority, size_t stack_size) {
+    // Lock ourselves, to prevent concurrent access.
+    KScopedLightLock lk(m_state_lock);
+
+    // Validate that we're in a state where we can initialize.
+    const auto state = m_state;
+    R_UNLESS(state == State::Created || state == State::CreatedAttached, ResultInvalidState);
+
+    // Place a tentative reservation of a thread for this process.
+    KScopedResourceReservation thread_reservation(this, Svc::LimitableResource::ThreadCountMax);
+    R_UNLESS(thread_reservation.Succeeded(), ResultLimitReached);
+
     // Ensure that we haven't already allocated stack.
     ASSERT(m_main_thread_stack_size == 0);
 
     // Ensure that we're allocating a valid stack.
     stack_size = Common::AlignUp(stack_size, PageSize);
-    // R_UNLESS(stack_size + image_size <= m_max_process_memory, ResultOutOfMemory);
-    R_UNLESS(stack_size + m_image_size >= m_image_size, ResultOutOfMemory);
+    R_UNLESS(stack_size + m_code_size <= m_max_process_memory, ResultOutOfMemory);
+    R_UNLESS(stack_size + m_code_size >= m_code_size, ResultOutOfMemory);
 
     // Place a tentative reservation of memory for our new stack.
     KScopedResourceReservation mem_reservation(this, Svc::LimitableResource::PhysicalMemoryMax,
@@ -707,21 +909,359 @@ Result KProcess::AllocateMainThreadStack(std::size_t stack_size) {
     R_UNLESS(mem_reservation.Succeeded(), ResultLimitReached);
 
     // Allocate and map our stack.
+    KProcessAddress stack_top = 0;
     if (stack_size) {
         KProcessAddress stack_bottom;
         R_TRY(m_page_table.MapPages(std::addressof(stack_bottom), stack_size / PageSize,
                                     KMemoryState::Stack, KMemoryPermission::UserReadWrite));
 
-        m_main_thread_stack_top = stack_bottom + stack_size;
+        stack_top = stack_bottom + stack_size;
         m_main_thread_stack_size = stack_size;
     }
 
+    // Ensure our stack is safe to clean up on exit.
+    ON_RESULT_FAILURE {
+        if (m_main_thread_stack_size) {
+            ASSERT(R_SUCCEEDED(m_page_table.UnmapPages(stack_top - m_main_thread_stack_size,
+                                                       m_main_thread_stack_size / PageSize,
+                                                       KMemoryState::Stack)));
+            m_main_thread_stack_size = 0;
+        }
+    };
+
+    // Set our maximum heap size.
+    R_TRY(m_page_table.SetMaxHeapSize(m_max_process_memory -
+                                      (m_main_thread_stack_size + m_code_size)));
+
+    // Initialize our handle table.
+    R_TRY(this->InitializeHandleTable(m_capabilities.GetHandleTableSize()));
+    ON_RESULT_FAILURE_2 {
+        this->FinalizeHandleTable();
+    };
+
+    // Create a new thread for the process.
+    KThread* main_thread = KThread::Create(m_kernel);
+    R_UNLESS(main_thread != nullptr, ResultOutOfResource);
+    SCOPE_EXIT({ main_thread->Close(); });
+
+    // Initialize the thread.
+    R_TRY(KThread::InitializeUserThread(m_kernel.System(), main_thread, this->GetEntryPoint(), 0,
+                                        stack_top, priority, m_ideal_core_id, this));
+
+    // Register the thread, and commit our reservation.
+    KThread::Register(m_kernel, main_thread);
+    thread_reservation.Commit();
+
+    // Add the thread to our handle table.
+    Handle thread_handle;
+    R_TRY(m_handle_table.Add(std::addressof(thread_handle), main_thread));
+
+    // Set the thread arguments.
+    main_thread->GetContext32().cpu_registers[0] = 0;
+    main_thread->GetContext64().cpu_registers[0] = 0;
+    main_thread->GetContext32().cpu_registers[1] = thread_handle;
+    main_thread->GetContext64().cpu_registers[1] = thread_handle;
+
+    // Update our state.
+    this->ChangeState((state == State::Created) ? State::Running : State::RunningAttached);
+    ON_RESULT_FAILURE_2 {
+        this->ChangeState(state);
+    };
+
+    // Suspend for debug, if we should.
+    if (m_kernel.System().DebuggerEnabled()) {
+        main_thread->RequestSuspend(SuspendType::Debug);
+    }
+
+    // Run our thread.
+    R_TRY(main_thread->Run());
+
+    // Open a reference to represent that we're running.
+    this->Open();
+
     // We succeeded! Commit our memory reservation.
     mem_reservation.Commit();
 
     R_SUCCEED();
 }
 
+Result KProcess::Reset() {
+    // Lock the process and the scheduler.
+    KScopedLightLock lk(m_state_lock);
+    KScopedSchedulerLock sl(m_kernel);
+
+    // Validate that we're in a state that we can reset.
+    R_UNLESS(m_state != State::Terminated, ResultInvalidState);
+    R_UNLESS(m_is_signaled, ResultInvalidState);
+
+    // Clear signaled.
+    m_is_signaled = false;
+    R_SUCCEED();
+}
+
+Result KProcess::SetActivity(Svc::ProcessActivity activity) {
+    // Lock ourselves and the scheduler.
+    KScopedLightLock lk(m_state_lock);
+    KScopedLightLock list_lk(m_list_lock);
+    KScopedSchedulerLock sl(m_kernel);
+
+    // Validate our state.
+    R_UNLESS(m_state != State::Terminating, ResultInvalidState);
+    R_UNLESS(m_state != State::Terminated, ResultInvalidState);
+
+    // Either pause or resume.
+    if (activity == Svc::ProcessActivity::Paused) {
+        // Verify that we're not suspended.
+        R_UNLESS(!m_is_suspended, ResultInvalidState);
+
+        // Suspend all threads.
+        auto end = this->GetThreadList().end();
+        for (auto it = this->GetThreadList().begin(); it != end; ++it) {
+            it->RequestSuspend(SuspendType::Process);
+        }
+
+        // Set ourselves as suspended.
+        this->SetSuspended(true);
+    } else {
+        ASSERT(activity == Svc::ProcessActivity::Runnable);
+
+        // Verify that we're suspended.
+        R_UNLESS(m_is_suspended, ResultInvalidState);
+
+        // Resume all threads.
+        auto end = this->GetThreadList().end();
+        for (auto it = this->GetThreadList().begin(); it != end; ++it) {
+            it->Resume(SuspendType::Process);
+        }
+
+        // Set ourselves as resumed.
+        this->SetSuspended(false);
+    }
+
+    R_SUCCEED();
+}
+
+void KProcess::PinCurrentThread() {
+    ASSERT(KScheduler::IsSchedulerLockedByCurrentThread(m_kernel));
+
+    // Get the current thread.
+    const s32 core_id = GetCurrentCoreId(m_kernel);
+    KThread* cur_thread = GetCurrentThreadPointer(m_kernel);
+
+    // If the thread isn't terminated, pin it.
+    if (!cur_thread->IsTerminationRequested()) {
+        // Pin it.
+        this->PinThread(core_id, cur_thread);
+        cur_thread->Pin(core_id);
+
+        // An update is needed.
+        KScheduler::SetSchedulerUpdateNeeded(m_kernel);
+    }
+}
+
+void KProcess::UnpinCurrentThread() {
+    ASSERT(KScheduler::IsSchedulerLockedByCurrentThread(m_kernel));
+
+    // Get the current thread.
+    const s32 core_id = GetCurrentCoreId(m_kernel);
+    KThread* cur_thread = GetCurrentThreadPointer(m_kernel);
+
+    // Unpin it.
+    cur_thread->Unpin();
+    this->UnpinThread(core_id, cur_thread);
+
+    // An update is needed.
+    KScheduler::SetSchedulerUpdateNeeded(m_kernel);
+}
+
+void KProcess::UnpinThread(KThread* thread) {
+    ASSERT(KScheduler::IsSchedulerLockedByCurrentThread(m_kernel));
+
+    // Get the thread's core id.
+    const auto core_id = thread->GetActiveCore();
+
+    // Unpin it.
+    this->UnpinThread(core_id, thread);
+    thread->Unpin();
+
+    // An update is needed.
+    KScheduler::SetSchedulerUpdateNeeded(m_kernel);
+}
+
+Result KProcess::GetThreadList(s32* out_num_threads, KProcessAddress out_thread_ids,
+                               s32 max_out_count) {
+    // TODO: use current memory reference
+    auto& memory = m_kernel.System().ApplicationMemory();
+
+    // Lock the list.
+    KScopedLightLock lk(m_list_lock);
+
+    // Iterate over the list.
+    s32 count = 0;
+    auto end = this->GetThreadList().end();
+    for (auto it = this->GetThreadList().begin(); it != end; ++it) {
+        // If we're within array bounds, write the id.
+        if (count < max_out_count) {
+            // Get the thread id.
+            KThread* thread = std::addressof(*it);
+            const u64 id = thread->GetId();
+
+            // Copy the id to userland.
+            memory.Write64(out_thread_ids + count * sizeof(u64), id);
+        }
+
+        // Increment the count.
+        ++count;
+    }
+
+    // We successfully iterated the list.
+    *out_num_threads = count;
+    R_SUCCEED();
+}
+
+void KProcess::Switch(KProcess* cur_process, KProcess* next_process) {}
+
+KProcess::KProcess(KernelCore& kernel)
+    : KAutoObjectWithSlabHeapAndContainer(kernel), m_page_table{kernel.System()},
+      m_state_lock{kernel}, m_list_lock{kernel}, m_cond_var{kernel.System()},
+      m_address_arbiter{kernel.System()}, m_handle_table{kernel} {}
+KProcess::~KProcess() = default;
+
+Result KProcess::LoadFromMetadata(const FileSys::ProgramMetadata& metadata, std::size_t code_size,
+                                  bool is_hbl) {
+    // Create a resource limit for the process.
+    const auto physical_memory_size =
+        m_kernel.MemoryManager().GetSize(Kernel::KMemoryManager::Pool::Application);
+    auto* res_limit =
+        Kernel::CreateResourceLimitForProcess(m_kernel.System(), physical_memory_size);
+
+    // Ensure we maintain a clean state on exit.
+    SCOPE_EXIT({ res_limit->Close(); });
+
+    // Declare flags and code address.
+    Svc::CreateProcessFlag flag{};
+    u64 code_address{};
+
+    // We are an application.
+    flag |= Svc::CreateProcessFlag::IsApplication;
+
+    // If we are 64-bit, create as such.
+    if (metadata.Is64BitProgram()) {
+        flag |= Svc::CreateProcessFlag::Is64Bit;
+    }
+
+    // Set the address space type and code address.
+    switch (metadata.GetAddressSpaceType()) {
+    case FileSys::ProgramAddressSpaceType::Is39Bit:
+        flag |= Svc::CreateProcessFlag::AddressSpace64Bit;
+
+        // For 39-bit processes, the ASLR region starts at 0x800'0000 and is ~512GiB large.
+        // However, some (buggy) programs/libraries like skyline incorrectly depend on the
+        // existence of ASLR pages before the entry point, so we will adjust the load address
+        // to point to about 2GiB into the ASLR region.
+        code_address = 0x8000'0000;
+        break;
+    case FileSys::ProgramAddressSpaceType::Is36Bit:
+        flag |= Svc::CreateProcessFlag::AddressSpace64BitDeprecated;
+        code_address = 0x800'0000;
+        break;
+    case FileSys::ProgramAddressSpaceType::Is32Bit:
+        flag |= Svc::CreateProcessFlag::AddressSpace32Bit;
+        code_address = 0x20'0000;
+        break;
+    case FileSys::ProgramAddressSpaceType::Is32BitNoMap:
+        flag |= Svc::CreateProcessFlag::AddressSpace32BitWithoutAlias;
+        code_address = 0x20'0000;
+        break;
+    }
+
+    Svc::CreateProcessParameter params{
+        .name = {},
+        .version = {},
+        .program_id = metadata.GetTitleID(),
+        .code_address = code_address,
+        .code_num_pages = static_cast<s32>(code_size / PageSize),
+        .flags = flag,
+        .reslimit = Svc::InvalidHandle,
+        .system_resource_num_pages = static_cast<s32>(metadata.GetSystemResourceSize() / PageSize),
+    };
+
+    // Set the process name.
+    const auto& name = metadata.GetName();
+    static_assert(sizeof(params.name) <= sizeof(name));
+    std::memcpy(params.name.data(), name.data(), sizeof(params.name));
+
+    // Initialize for application process.
+    R_TRY(this->Initialize(params, metadata.GetKernelCapabilities(), res_limit,
+                           KMemoryManager::Pool::Application));
+
+    // Assign remaining properties.
+    m_is_hbl = is_hbl;
+    m_ideal_core_id = metadata.GetMainThreadCore();
+
+    // We succeeded.
+    R_SUCCEED();
+}
+
+void KProcess::LoadModule(CodeSet code_set, KProcessAddress base_addr) {
+    const auto ReprotectSegment = [&](const CodeSet::Segment& segment,
+                                      Svc::MemoryPermission permission) {
+        m_page_table.SetProcessMemoryPermission(segment.addr + base_addr, segment.size, permission);
+    };
+
+    this->GetMemory().WriteBlock(base_addr, code_set.memory.data(), code_set.memory.size());
+
+    ReprotectSegment(code_set.CodeSegment(), Svc::MemoryPermission::ReadExecute);
+    ReprotectSegment(code_set.RODataSegment(), Svc::MemoryPermission::Read);
+    ReprotectSegment(code_set.DataSegment(), Svc::MemoryPermission::ReadWrite);
+}
+
+bool KProcess::InsertWatchpoint(KProcessAddress addr, u64 size, DebugWatchpointType type) {
+    const auto watch{std::find_if(m_watchpoints.begin(), m_watchpoints.end(), [&](const auto& wp) {
+        return wp.type == DebugWatchpointType::None;
+    })};
+
+    if (watch == m_watchpoints.end()) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    watch->start_address = addr;
+    watch->end_address = addr + size;
+    watch->type = type;
+
+    for (KProcessAddress page = Common::AlignDown(GetInteger(addr), PageSize); page < addr + size;
+         page += PageSize) {
+        m_debug_page_refcounts[page]++;
+        this->GetMemory().MarkRegionDebug(page, PageSize, true);
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool KProcess::RemoveWatchpoint(KProcessAddress addr, u64 size, DebugWatchpointType type) {
+    const auto watch{std::find_if(m_watchpoints.begin(), m_watchpoints.end(), [&](const auto& wp) {
+        return wp.start_address == addr && wp.end_address == addr + size && wp.type == type;
+    })};
+
+    if (watch == m_watchpoints.end()) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    watch->start_address = 0;
+    watch->end_address = 0;
+    watch->type = DebugWatchpointType::None;
+
+    for (KProcessAddress page = Common::AlignDown(GetInteger(addr), PageSize); page < addr + size;
+         page += PageSize) {
+        m_debug_page_refcounts[page]--;
+        if (!m_debug_page_refcounts[page]) {
+            this->GetMemory().MarkRegionDebug(page, PageSize, false);
+        }
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
 Core::Memory::Memory& KProcess::GetMemory() const {
     // TODO: per-process memory
     return m_kernel.System().ApplicationMemory();
diff --git a/src/core/hle/kernel/k_process.h b/src/core/hle/kernel/k_process.h
index 146e07a57..f9f755afa 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/kernel/k_process.h
+++ b/src/core/hle/kernel/k_process.h
@@ -1,59 +1,23 @@
-// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2015 Citra Emulator Project
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2023 yuzu Emulator Project
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 
 #pragma once
 
-#include <array>
-#include <cstddef>
-#include <list>
 #include <map>
-#include <string>
+
+#include "core/hle/kernel/code_set.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/k_address_arbiter.h"
-#include "core/hle/kernel/k_auto_object.h"
+#include "core/hle/kernel/k_capabilities.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/k_condition_variable.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/k_handle_table.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/k_page_table.h"
-#include "core/hle/kernel/k_synchronization_object.h"
+#include "core/hle/kernel/k_page_table_manager.h"
+#include "core/hle/kernel/k_system_resource.h"
+#include "core/hle/kernel/k_thread.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/k_thread_local_page.h"
-#include "core/hle/kernel/k_typed_address.h"
-#include "core/hle/kernel/k_worker_task.h"
-#include "core/hle/kernel/process_capability.h"
-#include "core/hle/kernel/slab_helpers.h"
-#include "core/hle/result.h"
-
-namespace Core {
-namespace Memory {
-class Memory;
-};
-
-class System;
-} // namespace Core
-
-namespace FileSys {
-class ProgramMetadata;
-}
 
 namespace Kernel {
 
-class KernelCore;
-class KResourceLimit;
-class KThread;
-class KSharedMemoryInfo;
-class TLSPage;
-
-struct CodeSet;
-
-enum class MemoryRegion : u16 {
-    APPLICATION = 1,
-    SYSTEM = 2,
-    BASE = 3,
-};
-
-enum class ProcessActivity : u32 {
-    Runnable,
-    Paused,
-};
-
 enum class DebugWatchpointType : u8 {
     None = 0,
     Read = 1 << 0,
@@ -72,9 +36,6 @@ class KProcess final : public KAutoObjectWithSlabHeapAndContainer<KProcess, KWor
     KERNEL_AUTOOBJECT_TRAITS(KProcess, KSynchronizationObject);
 
 public:
-    explicit KProcess(KernelCore& kernel);
-    ~KProcess() override;
-
     enum class State {
         Created = static_cast<u32>(Svc::ProcessState::Created),
         CreatedAttached = static_cast<u32>(Svc::ProcessState::CreatedAttached),
@@ -86,470 +47,493 @@ public:
         DebugBreak = static_cast<u32>(Svc::ProcessState::DebugBreak),
     };
 
-    enum : u64 {
-        /// Lowest allowed process ID for a kernel initial process.
-        InitialKIPIDMin = 1,
-        /// Highest allowed process ID for a kernel initial process.
-        InitialKIPIDMax = 80,
-
-        /// Lowest allowed process ID for a userland process.
-        ProcessIDMin = 81,
-        /// Highest allowed process ID for a userland process.
-        ProcessIDMax = 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF,
-    };
+    using ThreadList = Common::IntrusiveListMemberTraits<&KThread::m_process_list_node>::ListType;
 
-    // Used to determine how process IDs are assigned.
-    enum class ProcessType {
-        KernelInternal,
-        Userland,
-    };
+    static constexpr size_t AslrAlignment = 2_MiB;
 
-    static constexpr std::size_t RANDOM_ENTROPY_SIZE = 4;
+public:
+    static constexpr u64 InitialProcessIdMin = 1;
+    static constexpr u64 InitialProcessIdMax = 0x50;
 
-    static Result Initialize(KProcess* process, Core::System& system, std::string process_name,
-                             ProcessType type, KResourceLimit* res_limit);
+    static constexpr u64 ProcessIdMin = InitialProcessIdMax + 1;
+    static constexpr u64 ProcessIdMax = std::numeric_limits<u64>::max();
 
-    /// Gets a reference to the process' page table.
-    KPageTable& GetPageTable() {
-        return m_page_table;
-    }
+private:
+    using SharedMemoryInfoList = Common::IntrusiveListBaseTraits<KSharedMemoryInfo>::ListType;
+    using TLPTree =
+        Common::IntrusiveRedBlackTreeBaseTraits<KThreadLocalPage>::TreeType<KThreadLocalPage>;
+    using TLPIterator = TLPTree::iterator;
 
-    /// Gets const a reference to the process' page table.
-    const KPageTable& GetPageTable() const {
-        return m_page_table;
-    }
+private:
+    KPageTable m_page_table;
+    std::atomic<size_t> m_used_kernel_memory_size{};
+    TLPTree m_fully_used_tlp_tree{};
+    TLPTree m_partially_used_tlp_tree{};
+    s32 m_ideal_core_id{};
+    KResourceLimit* m_resource_limit{};
+    KSystemResource* m_system_resource{};
+    size_t m_memory_release_hint{};
+    State m_state{};
+    KLightLock m_state_lock;
+    KLightLock m_list_lock;
+    KConditionVariable m_cond_var;
+    KAddressArbiter m_address_arbiter;
+    std::array<u64, 4> m_entropy{};
+    bool m_is_signaled{};
+    bool m_is_initialized{};
+    bool m_is_application{};
+    bool m_is_default_application_system_resource{};
+    bool m_is_hbl{};
+    std::array<char, 13> m_name{};
+    std::atomic<u16> m_num_running_threads{};
+    Svc::CreateProcessFlag m_flags{};
+    KMemoryManager::Pool m_memory_pool{};
+    s64 m_schedule_count{};
+    KCapabilities m_capabilities{};
+    u64 m_program_id{};
+    u64 m_process_id{};
+    KProcessAddress m_code_address{};
+    size_t m_code_size{};
+    size_t m_main_thread_stack_size{};
+    size_t m_max_process_memory{};
+    u32 m_version{};
+    KHandleTable m_handle_table;
+    KProcessAddress m_plr_address{};
+    KThread* m_exception_thread{};
+    ThreadList m_thread_list{};
+    SharedMemoryInfoList m_shared_memory_list{};
+    bool m_is_suspended{};
+    bool m_is_immortal{};
+    bool m_is_handle_table_initialized{};
+    std::array<KThread*, Core::Hardware::NUM_CPU_CORES> m_running_threads{};
+    std::array<u64, Core::Hardware::NUM_CPU_CORES> m_running_thread_idle_counts{};
+    std::array<u64, Core::Hardware::NUM_CPU_CORES> m_running_thread_switch_counts{};
+    std::array<KThread*, Core::Hardware::NUM_CPU_CORES> m_pinned_threads{};
+    std::array<DebugWatchpoint, Core::Hardware::NUM_WATCHPOINTS> m_watchpoints{};
+    std::map<KProcessAddress, u64> m_debug_page_refcounts{};
+    std::atomic<s64> m_cpu_time{};
+    std::atomic<s64> m_num_process_switches{};
+    std::atomic<s64> m_num_thread_switches{};
+    std::atomic<s64> m_num_fpu_switches{};
+    std::atomic<s64> m_num_supervisor_calls{};
+    std::atomic<s64> m_num_ipc_messages{};
+    std::atomic<s64> m_num_ipc_replies{};
+    std::atomic<s64> m_num_ipc_receives{};
 
-    /// Gets a reference to the process' handle table.
-    KHandleTable& GetHandleTable() {
-        return m_handle_table;
-    }
+private:
+    Result StartTermination();
+    void FinishTermination();
 
-    /// Gets a const reference to the process' handle table.
-    const KHandleTable& GetHandleTable() const {
-        return m_handle_table;
+    void PinThread(s32 core_id, KThread* thread) {
+        ASSERT(0 <= core_id && core_id < static_cast<s32>(Core::Hardware::NUM_CPU_CORES));
+        ASSERT(thread != nullptr);
+        ASSERT(m_pinned_threads[core_id] == nullptr);
+        m_pinned_threads[core_id] = thread;
     }
 
-    /// Gets a reference to process's memory.
-    Core::Memory::Memory& GetMemory() const;
-
-    Result SignalToAddress(KProcessAddress address) {
-        return m_condition_var.SignalToAddress(address);
+    void UnpinThread(s32 core_id, KThread* thread) {
+        ASSERT(0 <= core_id && core_id < static_cast<s32>(Core::Hardware::NUM_CPU_CORES));
+        ASSERT(thread != nullptr);
+        ASSERT(m_pinned_threads[core_id] == thread);
+        m_pinned_threads[core_id] = nullptr;
     }
 
-    Result WaitForAddress(Handle handle, KProcessAddress address, u32 tag) {
-        return m_condition_var.WaitForAddress(handle, address, tag);
-    }
+public:
+    explicit KProcess(KernelCore& kernel);
+    ~KProcess() override;
 
-    void SignalConditionVariable(u64 cv_key, int32_t count) {
-        return m_condition_var.Signal(cv_key, count);
-    }
+    Result Initialize(const Svc::CreateProcessParameter& params, KResourceLimit* res_limit,
+                      bool is_real);
 
-    Result WaitConditionVariable(KProcessAddress address, u64 cv_key, u32 tag, s64 ns) {
-        R_RETURN(m_condition_var.Wait(address, cv_key, tag, ns));
-    }
+    Result Initialize(const Svc::CreateProcessParameter& params, const KPageGroup& pg,
+                      std::span<const u32> caps, KResourceLimit* res_limit,
+                      KMemoryManager::Pool pool, bool immortal);
+    Result Initialize(const Svc::CreateProcessParameter& params, std::span<const u32> user_caps,
+                      KResourceLimit* res_limit, KMemoryManager::Pool pool);
+    void Exit();
 
-    Result SignalAddressArbiter(uint64_t address, Svc::SignalType signal_type, s32 value,
-                                s32 count) {
-        R_RETURN(m_address_arbiter.SignalToAddress(address, signal_type, value, count));
+    const char* GetName() const {
+        return m_name.data();
     }
 
-    Result WaitAddressArbiter(uint64_t address, Svc::ArbitrationType arb_type, s32 value,
-                              s64 timeout) {
-        R_RETURN(m_address_arbiter.WaitForAddress(address, arb_type, value, timeout));
+    u64 GetProgramId() const {
+        return m_program_id;
     }
 
-    KProcessAddress GetProcessLocalRegionAddress() const {
-        return m_plr_address;
+    u64 GetProcessId() const {
+        return m_process_id;
     }
 
-    /// Gets the current status of the process
     State GetState() const {
         return m_state;
     }
 
-    /// Gets the unique ID that identifies this particular process.
-    u64 GetProcessId() const {
-        return m_process_id;
+    u64 GetCoreMask() const {
+        return m_capabilities.GetCoreMask();
+    }
+    u64 GetPhysicalCoreMask() const {
+        return m_capabilities.GetPhysicalCoreMask();
+    }
+    u64 GetPriorityMask() const {
+        return m_capabilities.GetPriorityMask();
     }
 
-    /// Gets the program ID corresponding to this process.
-    u64 GetProgramId() const {
-        return m_program_id;
+    s32 GetIdealCoreId() const {
+        return m_ideal_core_id;
+    }
+    void SetIdealCoreId(s32 core_id) {
+        m_ideal_core_id = core_id;
     }
 
-    KProcessAddress GetEntryPoint() const {
-        return m_code_address;
+    bool CheckThreadPriority(s32 prio) const {
+        return ((1ULL << prio) & this->GetPriorityMask()) != 0;
     }
 
-    /// Gets the resource limit descriptor for this process
-    KResourceLimit* GetResourceLimit() const;
+    u32 GetCreateProcessFlags() const {
+        return static_cast<u32>(m_flags);
+    }
 
-    /// Gets the ideal CPU core ID for this process
-    u8 GetIdealCoreId() const {
-        return m_ideal_core;
+    bool Is64Bit() const {
+        return True(m_flags & Svc::CreateProcessFlag::Is64Bit);
     }
 
-    /// Checks if the specified thread priority is valid.
-    bool CheckThreadPriority(s32 prio) const {
-        return ((1ULL << prio) & GetPriorityMask()) != 0;
+    KProcessAddress GetEntryPoint() const {
+        return m_code_address;
     }
 
-    /// Gets the bitmask of allowed cores that this process' threads can run on.
-    u64 GetCoreMask() const {
-        return m_capabilities.GetCoreMask();
+    size_t GetMainStackSize() const {
+        return m_main_thread_stack_size;
     }
 
-    /// Gets the bitmask of allowed thread priorities.
-    u64 GetPriorityMask() const {
-        return m_capabilities.GetPriorityMask();
+    KMemoryManager::Pool GetMemoryPool() const {
+        return m_memory_pool;
     }
 
-    /// Gets the amount of secure memory to allocate for memory management.
-    u32 GetSystemResourceSize() const {
-        return m_system_resource_size;
+    u64 GetRandomEntropy(size_t i) const {
+        return m_entropy[i];
     }
 
-    /// Gets the amount of secure memory currently in use for memory management.
-    u32 GetSystemResourceUsage() const {
-        // On hardware, this returns the amount of system resource memory that has
-        // been used by the kernel. This is problematic for Yuzu to emulate, because
-        // system resource memory is used for page tables -- and yuzu doesn't really
-        // have a way to calculate how much memory is required for page tables for
-        // the current process at any given time.
-        // TODO: Is this even worth implementing? Games may retrieve this value via
-        // an SDK function that gets used + available system resource size for debug
-        // or diagnostic purposes. However, it seems unlikely that a game would make
-        // decisions based on how much system memory is dedicated to its page tables.
-        // Is returning a value other than zero wise?
-        return 0;
+    bool IsApplication() const {
+        return m_is_application;
     }
 
-    /// Whether this process is an AArch64 or AArch32 process.
-    bool Is64BitProcess() const {
-        return m_is_64bit_process;
+    bool IsDefaultApplicationSystemResource() const {
+        return m_is_default_application_system_resource;
     }
 
     bool IsSuspended() const {
         return m_is_suspended;
     }
-
     void SetSuspended(bool suspended) {
         m_is_suspended = suspended;
     }
 
-    /// Gets the total running time of the process instance in ticks.
-    u64 GetCPUTimeTicks() const {
-        return m_total_process_running_time_ticks;
+    Result Terminate();
+
+    bool IsTerminated() const {
+        return m_state == State::Terminated;
     }
 
-    /// Updates the total running time, adding the given ticks to it.
-    void UpdateCPUTimeTicks(u64 ticks) {
-        m_total_process_running_time_ticks += ticks;
+    bool IsPermittedSvc(u32 svc_id) const {
+        return m_capabilities.IsPermittedSvc(svc_id);
     }
 
-    /// Gets the process schedule count, used for thread yielding
-    s64 GetScheduledCount() const {
-        return m_schedule_count;
+    bool IsPermittedInterrupt(s32 interrupt_id) const {
+        return m_capabilities.IsPermittedInterrupt(interrupt_id);
     }
 
-    /// Increments the process schedule count, used for thread yielding.
-    void IncrementScheduledCount() {
-        ++m_schedule_count;
+    bool IsPermittedDebug() const {
+        return m_capabilities.IsPermittedDebug();
     }
 
-    void IncrementRunningThreadCount();
-    void DecrementRunningThreadCount();
+    bool CanForceDebug() const {
+        return m_capabilities.CanForceDebug();
+    }
 
-    void SetRunningThread(s32 core, KThread* thread, u64 idle_count) {
-        m_running_threads[core] = thread;
-        m_running_thread_idle_counts[core] = idle_count;
+    bool IsHbl() const {
+        return m_is_hbl;
     }
 
-    void ClearRunningThread(KThread* thread) {
-        for (size_t i = 0; i < m_running_threads.size(); ++i) {
-            if (m_running_threads[i] == thread) {
-                m_running_threads[i] = nullptr;
-            }
-        }
+    Kernel::KMemoryManager::Direction GetAllocateOption() const {
+        // TODO: property of the KPageTableBase
+        return KMemoryManager::Direction::FromFront;
     }
 
-    [[nodiscard]] KThread* GetRunningThread(s32 core) const {
-        return m_running_threads[core];
+    ThreadList& GetThreadList() {
+        return m_thread_list;
+    }
+    const ThreadList& GetThreadList() const {
+        return m_thread_list;
     }
 
+    bool EnterUserException();
+    bool LeaveUserException();
     bool ReleaseUserException(KThread* thread);
 
-    [[nodiscard]] KThread* GetPinnedThread(s32 core_id) const {
+    KThread* GetPinnedThread(s32 core_id) const {
         ASSERT(0 <= core_id && core_id < static_cast<s32>(Core::Hardware::NUM_CPU_CORES));
         return m_pinned_threads[core_id];
     }
 
-    /// Gets 8 bytes of random data for svcGetInfo RandomEntropy
-    u64 GetRandomEntropy(std::size_t index) const {
-        return m_random_entropy.at(index);
+    const Svc::SvcAccessFlagSet& GetSvcPermissions() const {
+        return m_capabilities.GetSvcPermissions();
     }
 
-    /// Retrieves the total physical memory available to this process in bytes.
-    u64 GetTotalPhysicalMemoryAvailable();
-
-    /// Retrieves the total physical memory available to this process in bytes,
-    /// without the size of the personal system resource heap added to it.
-    u64 GetTotalPhysicalMemoryAvailableWithoutSystemResource();
-
-    /// Retrieves the total physical memory used by this process in bytes.
-    u64 GetTotalPhysicalMemoryUsed();
-
-    /// Retrieves the total physical memory used by this process in bytes,
-    /// without the size of the personal system resource heap added to it.
-    u64 GetTotalPhysicalMemoryUsedWithoutSystemResource();
-
-    /// Gets the list of all threads created with this process as their owner.
-    std::list<KThread*>& GetThreadList() {
-        return m_thread_list;
+    KResourceLimit* GetResourceLimit() const {
+        return m_resource_limit;
     }
 
-    /// Registers a thread as being created under this process,
-    /// adding it to this process' thread list.
-    void RegisterThread(KThread* thread);
+    bool ReserveResource(Svc::LimitableResource which, s64 value);
+    bool ReserveResource(Svc::LimitableResource which, s64 value, s64 timeout);
+    void ReleaseResource(Svc::LimitableResource which, s64 value);
+    void ReleaseResource(Svc::LimitableResource which, s64 value, s64 hint);
 
-    /// Unregisters a thread from this process, removing it
-    /// from this process' thread list.
-    void UnregisterThread(KThread* thread);
+    KLightLock& GetStateLock() {
+        return m_state_lock;
+    }
+    KLightLock& GetListLock() {
+        return m_list_lock;
+    }
 
-    /// Retrieves the number of available threads for this process.
-    u64 GetFreeThreadCount() const;
-
-    /// Clears the signaled state of the process if and only if it's signaled.
-    ///
-    /// @pre The process must not be already terminated. If this is called on a
-    ///      terminated process, then ResultInvalidState will be returned.
-    ///
-    /// @pre The process must be in a signaled state. If this is called on a
-    ///      process instance that is not signaled, ResultInvalidState will be
-    ///      returned.
-    Result Reset();
+    KPageTable& GetPageTable() {
+        return m_page_table;
+    }
+    const KPageTable& GetPageTable() const {
+        return m_page_table;
+    }
 
-    /**
-     * Loads process-specifics configuration info with metadata provided
-     * by an executable.
-     *
-     * @param metadata The provided metadata to load process specific info from.
-     *
-     * @returns ResultSuccess if all relevant metadata was able to be
-     *          loaded and parsed. Otherwise, an error code is returned.
-     */
-    Result LoadFromMetadata(const FileSys::ProgramMetadata& metadata, std::size_t code_size,
-                            bool is_hbl);
+    KHandleTable& GetHandleTable() {
+        return m_handle_table;
+    }
+    const KHandleTable& GetHandleTable() const {
+        return m_handle_table;
+    }
 
-    /**
-     * Starts the main application thread for this process.
-     *
-     * @param main_thread_priority The priority for the main thread.
-     * @param stack_size           The stack size for the main thread in bytes.
-     */
-    void Run(s32 main_thread_priority, u64 stack_size);
+    size_t GetUsedUserPhysicalMemorySize() const;
+    size_t GetTotalUserPhysicalMemorySize() const;
+    size_t GetUsedNonSystemUserPhysicalMemorySize() const;
+    size_t GetTotalNonSystemUserPhysicalMemorySize() const;
 
-    /**
-     * Prepares a process for termination by stopping all of its threads
-     * and clearing any other resources.
-     */
-    void PrepareForTermination();
+    Result AddSharedMemory(KSharedMemory* shmem, KProcessAddress address, size_t size);
+    void RemoveSharedMemory(KSharedMemory* shmem, KProcessAddress address, size_t size);
 
-    void LoadModule(CodeSet code_set, KProcessAddress base_addr);
+    Result CreateThreadLocalRegion(KProcessAddress* out);
+    Result DeleteThreadLocalRegion(KProcessAddress addr);
 
-    bool IsInitialized() const override {
-        return m_is_initialized;
+    KProcessAddress GetProcessLocalRegionAddress() const {
+        return m_plr_address;
     }
 
-    static void PostDestroy(uintptr_t arg) {}
-
-    void Finalize() override;
-
-    u64 GetId() const override {
-        return GetProcessId();
+    KThread* GetExceptionThread() const {
+        return m_exception_thread;
     }
 
-    bool IsHbl() const {
-        return m_is_hbl;
+    void AddCpuTime(s64 diff) {
+        m_cpu_time += diff;
+    }
+    s64 GetCpuTime() {
+        return m_cpu_time.load();
     }
 
-    bool IsSignaled() const override;
-
-    void DoWorkerTaskImpl();
+    s64 GetScheduledCount() const {
+        return m_schedule_count;
+    }
+    void IncrementScheduledCount() {
+        ++m_schedule_count;
+    }
 
-    Result SetActivity(ProcessActivity activity);
+    void IncrementRunningThreadCount();
+    void DecrementRunningThreadCount();
 
-    void PinCurrentThread(s32 core_id);
-    void UnpinCurrentThread(s32 core_id);
-    void UnpinThread(KThread* thread);
+    size_t GetRequiredSecureMemorySizeNonDefault() const {
+        if (!this->IsDefaultApplicationSystemResource() && m_system_resource->IsSecureResource()) {
+            auto* secure_system_resource = static_cast<KSecureSystemResource*>(m_system_resource);
+            return secure_system_resource->CalculateRequiredSecureMemorySize();
+        }
 
-    KLightLock& GetStateLock() {
-        return m_state_lock;
+        return 0;
     }
 
-    Result AddSharedMemory(KSharedMemory* shmem, KProcessAddress address, size_t size);
-    void RemoveSharedMemory(KSharedMemory* shmem, KProcessAddress address, size_t size);
-
-    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-    // Thread-local storage management
-
-    // Marks the next available region as used and returns the address of the slot.
-    [[nodiscard]] Result CreateThreadLocalRegion(KProcessAddress* out);
+    size_t GetRequiredSecureMemorySize() const {
+        if (m_system_resource->IsSecureResource()) {
+            auto* secure_system_resource = static_cast<KSecureSystemResource*>(m_system_resource);
+            return secure_system_resource->CalculateRequiredSecureMemorySize();
+        }
 
-    // Frees a used TLS slot identified by the given address
-    Result DeleteThreadLocalRegion(KProcessAddress addr);
+        return 0;
+    }
 
-    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-    // Debug watchpoint management
+    size_t GetTotalSystemResourceSize() const {
+        if (!this->IsDefaultApplicationSystemResource() && m_system_resource->IsSecureResource()) {
+            auto* secure_system_resource = static_cast<KSecureSystemResource*>(m_system_resource);
+            return secure_system_resource->GetSize();
+        }
 
-    // Attempts to insert a watchpoint into a free slot. Returns false if none are available.
-    bool InsertWatchpoint(KProcessAddress addr, u64 size, DebugWatchpointType type);
+        return 0;
+    }
 
-    // Attempts to remove the watchpoint specified by the given parameters.
-    bool RemoveWatchpoint(KProcessAddress addr, u64 size, DebugWatchpointType type);
+    size_t GetUsedSystemResourceSize() const {
+        if (!this->IsDefaultApplicationSystemResource() && m_system_resource->IsSecureResource()) {
+            auto* secure_system_resource = static_cast<KSecureSystemResource*>(m_system_resource);
+            return secure_system_resource->GetUsedSize();
+        }
 
-    const std::array<DebugWatchpoint, Core::Hardware::NUM_WATCHPOINTS>& GetWatchpoints() const {
-        return m_watchpoints;
+        return 0;
     }
 
-    const std::string& GetName() {
-        return name;
+    void SetRunningThread(s32 core, KThread* thread, u64 idle_count, u64 switch_count) {
+        m_running_threads[core] = thread;
+        m_running_thread_idle_counts[core] = idle_count;
+        m_running_thread_switch_counts[core] = switch_count;
     }
 
-private:
-    void PinThread(s32 core_id, KThread* thread) {
-        ASSERT(0 <= core_id && core_id < static_cast<s32>(Core::Hardware::NUM_CPU_CORES));
-        ASSERT(thread != nullptr);
-        ASSERT(m_pinned_threads[core_id] == nullptr);
-        m_pinned_threads[core_id] = thread;
+    void ClearRunningThread(KThread* thread) {
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < m_running_threads.size(); ++i) {
+            if (m_running_threads[i] == thread) {
+                m_running_threads[i] = nullptr;
+            }
+        }
     }
 
-    void UnpinThread(s32 core_id, KThread* thread) {
-        ASSERT(0 <= core_id && core_id < static_cast<s32>(Core::Hardware::NUM_CPU_CORES));
-        ASSERT(thread != nullptr);
-        ASSERT(m_pinned_threads[core_id] == thread);
-        m_pinned_threads[core_id] = nullptr;
+    const KSystemResource& GetSystemResource() const {
+        return *m_system_resource;
     }
 
-    void FinalizeHandleTable() {
-        // Finalize the table.
-        m_handle_table.Finalize();
-
-        // Note that the table is finalized.
-        m_is_handle_table_initialized = false;
+    const KMemoryBlockSlabManager& GetMemoryBlockSlabManager() const {
+        return m_system_resource->GetMemoryBlockSlabManager();
+    }
+    const KBlockInfoManager& GetBlockInfoManager() const {
+        return m_system_resource->GetBlockInfoManager();
+    }
+    const KPageTableManager& GetPageTableManager() const {
+        return m_system_resource->GetPageTableManager();
     }
 
-    void ChangeState(State new_state);
-
-    /// Allocates the main thread stack for the process, given the stack size in bytes.
-    Result AllocateMainThreadStack(std::size_t stack_size);
-
-    /// Memory manager for this process
-    KPageTable m_page_table;
-
-    /// Current status of the process
-    State m_state{};
+    KThread* GetRunningThread(s32 core) const {
+        return m_running_threads[core];
+    }
+    u64 GetRunningThreadIdleCount(s32 core) const {
+        return m_running_thread_idle_counts[core];
+    }
+    u64 GetRunningThreadSwitchCount(s32 core) const {
+        return m_running_thread_switch_counts[core];
+    }
 
-    /// The ID of this process
-    u64 m_process_id = 0;
+    void RegisterThread(KThread* thread);
+    void UnregisterThread(KThread* thread);
 
-    /// Title ID corresponding to the process
-    u64 m_program_id = 0;
+    Result Run(s32 priority, size_t stack_size);
 
-    /// Specifies additional memory to be reserved for the process's memory management by the
-    /// system. When this is non-zero, secure memory is allocated and used for page table allocation
-    /// instead of using the normal global page tables/memory block management.
-    u32 m_system_resource_size = 0;
+    Result Reset();
 
-    /// Resource limit descriptor for this process
-    KResourceLimit* m_resource_limit{};
+    void SetDebugBreak() {
+        if (m_state == State::RunningAttached) {
+            this->ChangeState(State::DebugBreak);
+        }
+    }
 
-    KVirtualAddress m_system_resource_address{};
+    void SetAttached() {
+        if (m_state == State::DebugBreak) {
+            this->ChangeState(State::RunningAttached);
+        }
+    }
 
-    /// The ideal CPU core for this process, threads are scheduled on this core by default.
-    u8 m_ideal_core = 0;
+    Result SetActivity(Svc::ProcessActivity activity);
 
-    /// Contains the parsed process capability descriptors.
-    ProcessCapabilities m_capabilities;
+    void PinCurrentThread();
+    void UnpinCurrentThread();
+    void UnpinThread(KThread* thread);
 
-    /// Whether or not this process is AArch64, or AArch32.
-    /// By default, we currently assume this is true, unless otherwise
-    /// specified by metadata provided to the process during loading.
-    bool m_is_64bit_process = true;
+    void SignalConditionVariable(uintptr_t cv_key, int32_t count) {
+        return m_cond_var.Signal(cv_key, count);
+    }
 
-    /// Total running time for the process in ticks.
-    std::atomic<u64> m_total_process_running_time_ticks = 0;
+    Result WaitConditionVariable(KProcessAddress address, uintptr_t cv_key, u32 tag, s64 ns) {
+        R_RETURN(m_cond_var.Wait(address, cv_key, tag, ns));
+    }
 
-    /// Per-process handle table for storing created object handles in.
-    KHandleTable m_handle_table;
+    Result SignalAddressArbiter(uintptr_t address, Svc::SignalType signal_type, s32 value,
+                                s32 count) {
+        R_RETURN(m_address_arbiter.SignalToAddress(address, signal_type, value, count));
+    }
 
-    /// Per-process address arbiter.
-    KAddressArbiter m_address_arbiter;
+    Result WaitAddressArbiter(uintptr_t address, Svc::ArbitrationType arb_type, s32 value,
+                              s64 timeout) {
+        R_RETURN(m_address_arbiter.WaitForAddress(address, arb_type, value, timeout));
+    }
 
-    /// The per-process mutex lock instance used for handling various
-    /// forms of services, such as lock arbitration, and condition
-    /// variable related facilities.
-    KConditionVariable m_condition_var;
+    Result GetThreadList(s32* out_num_threads, KProcessAddress out_thread_ids, s32 max_out_count);
 
-    /// Address indicating the location of the process' dedicated TLS region.
-    KProcessAddress m_plr_address = 0;
+    static void Switch(KProcess* cur_process, KProcess* next_process);
 
-    /// Address indicating the location of the process's entry point.
-    KProcessAddress m_code_address = 0;
+public:
+    // Attempts to insert a watchpoint into a free slot. Returns false if none are available.
+    bool InsertWatchpoint(KProcessAddress addr, u64 size, DebugWatchpointType type);
 
-    /// Random values for svcGetInfo RandomEntropy
-    std::array<u64, RANDOM_ENTROPY_SIZE> m_random_entropy{};
+    // Attempts to remove the watchpoint specified by the given parameters.
+    bool RemoveWatchpoint(KProcessAddress addr, u64 size, DebugWatchpointType type);
 
-    /// List of threads that are running with this process as their owner.
-    std::list<KThread*> m_thread_list;
+    const std::array<DebugWatchpoint, Core::Hardware::NUM_WATCHPOINTS>& GetWatchpoints() const {
+        return m_watchpoints;
+    }
 
-    /// List of shared memory that are running with this process as their owner.
-    std::list<KSharedMemoryInfo*> m_shared_memory_list;
+public:
+    Result LoadFromMetadata(const FileSys::ProgramMetadata& metadata, std::size_t code_size,
+                            bool is_hbl);
 
-    /// Address of the top of the main thread's stack
-    KProcessAddress m_main_thread_stack_top{};
+    void LoadModule(CodeSet code_set, KProcessAddress base_addr);
 
-    /// Size of the main thread's stack
-    std::size_t m_main_thread_stack_size{};
+    Core::Memory::Memory& GetMemory() const;
 
-    /// Memory usage capacity for the process
-    std::size_t m_memory_usage_capacity{};
+public:
+    // Overridden parent functions.
+    bool IsInitialized() const override {
+        return m_is_initialized;
+    }
 
-    /// Process total image size
-    std::size_t m_image_size{};
+    static void PostDestroy(uintptr_t arg) {}
 
-    /// Schedule count of this process
-    s64 m_schedule_count{};
+    void Finalize() override;
 
-    size_t m_memory_release_hint{};
+    u64 GetIdImpl() const {
+        return this->GetProcessId();
+    }
+    u64 GetId() const override {
+        return this->GetIdImpl();
+    }
 
-    std::string name{};
+    virtual bool IsSignaled() const override {
+        ASSERT(KScheduler::IsSchedulerLockedByCurrentThread(m_kernel));
+        return m_is_signaled;
+    }
 
-    bool m_is_signaled{};
-    bool m_is_suspended{};
-    bool m_is_immortal{};
-    bool m_is_handle_table_initialized{};
-    bool m_is_initialized{};
-    bool m_is_hbl{};
+    void DoWorkerTaskImpl();
 
-    std::atomic<u16> m_num_running_threads{};
+private:
+    void ChangeState(State new_state) {
+        if (m_state != new_state) {
+            m_state = new_state;
+            m_is_signaled = true;
+            this->NotifyAvailable();
+        }
+    }
 
-    std::array<KThread*, Core::Hardware::NUM_CPU_CORES> m_running_threads{};
-    std::array<u64, Core::Hardware::NUM_CPU_CORES> m_running_thread_idle_counts{};
-    std::array<KThread*, Core::Hardware::NUM_CPU_CORES> m_pinned_threads{};
-    std::array<DebugWatchpoint, Core::Hardware::NUM_WATCHPOINTS> m_watchpoints{};
-    std::map<KProcessAddress, u64> m_debug_page_refcounts;
+    Result InitializeHandleTable(s32 size) {
+        // Try to initialize the handle table.
+        R_TRY(m_handle_table.Initialize(size));
 
-    KThread* m_exception_thread{};
+        // We succeeded, so note that we did.
+        m_is_handle_table_initialized = true;
+        R_SUCCEED();
+    }
 
-    KLightLock m_state_lock;
-    KLightLock m_list_lock;
+    void FinalizeHandleTable() {
+        // Finalize the table.
+        m_handle_table.Finalize();
 
-    using TLPTree =
-        Common::IntrusiveRedBlackTreeBaseTraits<KThreadLocalPage>::TreeType<KThreadLocalPage>;
-    using TLPIterator = TLPTree::iterator;
-    TLPTree m_fully_used_tlp_tree;
-    TLPTree m_partially_used_tlp_tree;
+        // Note that the table is finalized.
+        m_is_handle_table_initialized = false;
+    }
 };
 
 } // namespace Kernel
diff --git a/src/core/hle/kernel/k_scheduler.cpp b/src/core/hle/kernel/k_scheduler.cpp
index d8143c650..1bce63a56 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/kernel/k_scheduler.cpp
+++ b/src/core/hle/kernel/k_scheduler.cpp
@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ u64 KScheduler::UpdateHighestPriorityThread(KThread* highest_thread) {
         if (m_state.should_count_idle) {
             if (highest_thread != nullptr) [[likely]] {
                 if (KProcess* process = highest_thread->GetOwnerProcess(); process != nullptr) {
-                    process->SetRunningThread(m_core_id, highest_thread, m_state.idle_count);
+                    process->SetRunningThread(m_core_id, highest_thread, m_state.idle_count, 0);
                 }
             } else {
                 m_state.idle_count++;
@@ -356,7 +356,7 @@ void KScheduler::SwitchThread(KThread* next_thread) {
     const s64 tick_diff = cur_tick - prev_tick;
     cur_thread->AddCpuTime(m_core_id, tick_diff);
     if (cur_process != nullptr) {
-        cur_process->UpdateCPUTimeTicks(tick_diff);
+        cur_process->AddCpuTime(tick_diff);
     }
     m_last_context_switch_time = cur_tick;
 
diff --git a/src/core/hle/kernel/k_system_resource.cpp b/src/core/hle/kernel/k_system_resource.cpp
index e6c8d589a..07e92aa80 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/kernel/k_system_resource.cpp
+++ b/src/core/hle/kernel/k_system_resource.cpp
@@ -1,25 +1,100 @@
 // SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2022 yuzu Emulator Project
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 
+#include "core/core.h"
+#include "core/hle/kernel/k_scoped_resource_reservation.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/k_system_resource.h"
 
 namespace Kernel {
 
 Result KSecureSystemResource::Initialize(size_t size, KResourceLimit* resource_limit,
                                          KMemoryManager::Pool pool) {
-    // Unimplemented
-    UNREACHABLE();
+    // Set members.
+    m_resource_limit = resource_limit;
+    m_resource_size = size;
+    m_resource_pool = pool;
+
+    // Determine required size for our secure resource.
+    const size_t secure_size = this->CalculateRequiredSecureMemorySize();
+
+    // Reserve memory for our secure resource.
+    KScopedResourceReservation memory_reservation(
+        m_resource_limit, Svc::LimitableResource::PhysicalMemoryMax, secure_size);
+    R_UNLESS(memory_reservation.Succeeded(), ResultLimitReached);
+
+    // Allocate secure memory.
+    R_TRY(KSystemControl::AllocateSecureMemory(m_kernel, std::addressof(m_resource_address),
+                                               m_resource_size, static_cast<u32>(m_resource_pool)));
+    ASSERT(m_resource_address != 0);
+
+    // Ensure we clean up the secure memory, if we fail past this point.
+    ON_RESULT_FAILURE {
+        KSystemControl::FreeSecureMemory(m_kernel, m_resource_address, m_resource_size,
+                                         static_cast<u32>(m_resource_pool));
+    };
+
+    // Check that our allocation is bigger than the reference counts needed for it.
+    const size_t rc_size =
+        Common::AlignUp(KPageTableSlabHeap::CalculateReferenceCountSize(m_resource_size), PageSize);
+    R_UNLESS(m_resource_size > rc_size, ResultOutOfMemory);
+
+    // Get resource pointer.
+    KPhysicalAddress resource_paddr =
+        KPageTable::GetHeapPhysicalAddress(m_kernel.MemoryLayout(), m_resource_address);
+    auto* resource =
+        m_kernel.System().DeviceMemory().GetPointer<KPageTableManager::RefCount>(resource_paddr);
+
+    // Initialize slab heaps.
+    m_dynamic_page_manager.Initialize(m_resource_address + rc_size, m_resource_size - rc_size,
+                                      PageSize);
+    m_page_table_heap.Initialize(std::addressof(m_dynamic_page_manager), 0, resource);
+    m_memory_block_heap.Initialize(std::addressof(m_dynamic_page_manager), 0);
+    m_block_info_heap.Initialize(std::addressof(m_dynamic_page_manager), 0);
+
+    // Initialize managers.
+    m_page_table_manager.Initialize(std::addressof(m_dynamic_page_manager),
+                                    std::addressof(m_page_table_heap));
+    m_memory_block_slab_manager.Initialize(std::addressof(m_dynamic_page_manager),
+                                           std::addressof(m_memory_block_heap));
+    m_block_info_manager.Initialize(std::addressof(m_dynamic_page_manager),
+                                    std::addressof(m_block_info_heap));
+
+    // Set our managers.
+    this->SetManagers(m_memory_block_slab_manager, m_block_info_manager, m_page_table_manager);
+
+    // Commit the memory reservation.
+    memory_reservation.Commit();
+
+    // Open reference to our resource limit.
+    m_resource_limit->Open();
+
+    // Set ourselves as initialized.
+    m_is_initialized = true;
+
+    R_SUCCEED();
 }
 
 void KSecureSystemResource::Finalize() {
-    // Unimplemented
-    UNREACHABLE();
+    // Check that we have no outstanding allocations.
+    ASSERT(m_memory_block_slab_manager.GetUsed() == 0);
+    ASSERT(m_block_info_manager.GetUsed() == 0);
+    ASSERT(m_page_table_manager.GetUsed() == 0);
+
+    // Free our secure memory.
+    KSystemControl::FreeSecureMemory(m_kernel, m_resource_address, m_resource_size,
+                                     static_cast<u32>(m_resource_pool));
+
+    // Release the memory reservation.
+    m_resource_limit->Release(Svc::LimitableResource::PhysicalMemoryMax,
+                              this->CalculateRequiredSecureMemorySize());
+
+    // Close reference to our resource limit.
+    m_resource_limit->Close();
 }
 
 size_t KSecureSystemResource::CalculateRequiredSecureMemorySize(size_t size,
                                                                 KMemoryManager::Pool pool) {
-    // Unimplemented
-    UNREACHABLE();
+    return KSystemControl::CalculateRequiredSecureMemorySize(size, static_cast<u32>(pool));
 }
 
 } // namespace Kernel
diff --git a/src/core/hle/kernel/k_thread.cpp b/src/core/hle/kernel/k_thread.cpp
index 7df8fd7f7..a6deb50ec 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/kernel/k_thread.cpp
+++ b/src/core/hle/kernel/k_thread.cpp
@@ -122,16 +122,15 @@ Result KThread::Initialize(KThreadFunction func, uintptr_t arg, KProcessAddress
     case ThreadType::Main:
         ASSERT(arg == 0);
         [[fallthrough]];
-    case ThreadType::HighPriority:
-        [[fallthrough]];
-    case ThreadType::Dummy:
-        [[fallthrough]];
     case ThreadType::User:
         ASSERT(((owner == nullptr) ||
                 (owner->GetCoreMask() | (1ULL << virt_core)) == owner->GetCoreMask()));
         ASSERT(((owner == nullptr) || (prio > Svc::LowestThreadPriority) ||
                 (owner->GetPriorityMask() | (1ULL << prio)) == owner->GetPriorityMask()));
         break;
+    case ThreadType::HighPriority:
+    case ThreadType::Dummy:
+        break;
     case ThreadType::Kernel:
         UNIMPLEMENTED();
         break;
@@ -216,6 +215,7 @@ Result KThread::Initialize(KThreadFunction func, uintptr_t arg, KProcessAddress
         // Setup the TLS, if needed.
         if (type == ThreadType::User) {
             R_TRY(owner->CreateThreadLocalRegion(std::addressof(m_tls_address)));
+            owner->GetMemory().ZeroBlock(m_tls_address, Svc::ThreadLocalRegionSize);
         }
 
         m_parent = owner;
@@ -403,7 +403,7 @@ void KThread::StartTermination() {
     if (m_parent != nullptr) {
         m_parent->ReleaseUserException(this);
         if (m_parent->GetPinnedThread(GetCurrentCoreId(m_kernel)) == this) {
-            m_parent->UnpinCurrentThread(m_core_id);
+            m_parent->UnpinCurrentThread();
         }
     }
 
@@ -415,10 +415,6 @@ void KThread::StartTermination() {
         m_parent->ClearRunningThread(this);
     }
 
-    // Signal.
-    m_signaled = true;
-    KSynchronizationObject::NotifyAvailable();
-
     // Clear previous thread in KScheduler.
     KScheduler::ClearPreviousThread(m_kernel, this);
 
@@ -437,6 +433,13 @@ void KThread::FinishTermination() {
         }
     }
 
+    // Acquire the scheduler lock.
+    KScopedSchedulerLock sl{m_kernel};
+
+    // Signal.
+    m_signaled = true;
+    KSynchronizationObject::NotifyAvailable();
+
     // Close the thread.
     this->Close();
 }
@@ -820,7 +823,7 @@ void KThread::CloneFpuStatus() {
     ASSERT(this->GetOwnerProcess() != nullptr);
     ASSERT(this->GetOwnerProcess() == GetCurrentProcessPointer(m_kernel));
 
-    if (this->GetOwnerProcess()->Is64BitProcess()) {
+    if (this->GetOwnerProcess()->Is64Bit()) {
         // Clone FPSR and FPCR.
         ThreadContext64 cur_ctx{};
         m_kernel.System().CurrentArmInterface().SaveContext(cur_ctx);
@@ -923,7 +926,7 @@ Result KThread::GetThreadContext3(Common::ScratchBuffer<u8>& out) {
 
         // If we're not terminating, get the thread's user context.
         if (!this->IsTerminationRequested()) {
-            if (m_parent->Is64BitProcess()) {
+            if (m_parent->Is64Bit()) {
                 // Mask away mode bits, interrupt bits, IL bit, and other reserved bits.
                 auto context = GetContext64();
                 context.pstate &= 0xFF0FFE20;
@@ -1174,6 +1177,9 @@ Result KThread::Run() {
             owner->IncrementRunningThreadCount();
         }
 
+        // Open a reference, now that we're running.
+        this->Open();
+
         // Set our state and finish.
         this->SetState(ThreadState::Runnable);
 
diff --git a/src/core/hle/kernel/k_thread.h b/src/core/hle/kernel/k_thread.h
index d178c2453..e1f80b04f 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/kernel/k_thread.h
+++ b/src/core/hle/kernel/k_thread.h
@@ -721,6 +721,7 @@ private:
     // For core KThread implementation
     ThreadContext32 m_thread_context_32{};
     ThreadContext64 m_thread_context_64{};
+    Common::IntrusiveListNode m_process_list_node;
     Common::IntrusiveRedBlackTreeNode m_condvar_arbiter_tree_node{};
     s32 m_priority{};
     using ConditionVariableThreadTreeTraits =
diff --git a/src/core/hle/kernel/kernel.cpp b/src/core/hle/kernel/kernel.cpp
index 24433d32b..4a1559291 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/kernel/kernel.cpp
+++ b/src/core/hle/kernel/kernel.cpp
@@ -101,35 +101,31 @@ struct KernelCore::Impl {
 
     void InitializeCores() {
         for (u32 core_id = 0; core_id < Core::Hardware::NUM_CPU_CORES; core_id++) {
-            cores[core_id]->Initialize((*application_process).Is64BitProcess());
+            cores[core_id]->Initialize((*application_process).Is64Bit());
             system.ApplicationMemory().SetCurrentPageTable(*application_process, core_id);
         }
     }
 
-    void CloseApplicationProcess() {
-        KProcess* old_process = application_process.exchange(nullptr);
-        if (old_process == nullptr) {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        // old_process->Close();
-        // TODO: The process should be destroyed based on accurate ref counting after
-        // calling Close(). Adding a manual Destroy() call instead to avoid a memory leak.
-        old_process->Finalize();
-        old_process->Destroy();
+    void TerminateApplicationProcess() {
+        application_process.load()->Terminate();
     }
 
     void Shutdown() {
         is_shutting_down.store(true, std::memory_order_relaxed);
         SCOPE_EXIT({ is_shutting_down.store(false, std::memory_order_relaxed); });
 
-        process_list.clear();
-
         CloseServices();
 
+        auto* old_process = application_process.exchange(nullptr);
+        if (old_process) {
+            old_process->Close();
+        }
+
+        process_list.clear();
+
         next_object_id = 0;
-        next_kernel_process_id = KProcess::InitialKIPIDMin;
-        next_user_process_id = KProcess::ProcessIDMin;
+        next_kernel_process_id = KProcess::InitialProcessIdMin;
+        next_user_process_id = KProcess::ProcessIdMin;
         next_thread_id = 1;
 
         global_handle_table->Finalize();
@@ -176,8 +172,6 @@ struct KernelCore::Impl {
             }
         }
 
-        CloseApplicationProcess();
-
         // Track kernel objects that were not freed on shutdown
         {
             std::scoped_lock lk{registered_objects_lock};
@@ -344,6 +338,8 @@ struct KernelCore::Impl {
         // Create the system page table managers.
         app_system_resource = std::make_unique<KSystemResource>(kernel);
         sys_system_resource = std::make_unique<KSystemResource>(kernel);
+        KAutoObject::Create(std::addressof(*app_system_resource));
+        KAutoObject::Create(std::addressof(*sys_system_resource));
 
         // Set the managers for the system resources.
         app_system_resource->SetManagers(*app_memory_block_manager, *app_block_info_manager,
@@ -792,8 +788,8 @@ struct KernelCore::Impl {
     std::mutex registered_in_use_objects_lock;
 
     std::atomic<u32> next_object_id{0};
-    std::atomic<u64> next_kernel_process_id{KProcess::InitialKIPIDMin};
-    std::atomic<u64> next_user_process_id{KProcess::ProcessIDMin};
+    std::atomic<u64> next_kernel_process_id{KProcess::InitialProcessIdMin};
+    std::atomic<u64> next_user_process_id{KProcess::ProcessIdMin};
     std::atomic<u64> next_thread_id{1};
 
     // Lists all processes that exist in the current session.
@@ -924,10 +920,6 @@ const KProcess* KernelCore::ApplicationProcess() const {
     return impl->application_process;
 }
 
-void KernelCore::CloseApplicationProcess() {
-    impl->CloseApplicationProcess();
-}
-
 const std::vector<KProcess*>& KernelCore::GetProcessList() const {
     return impl->process_list;
 }
@@ -1128,8 +1120,8 @@ std::jthread KernelCore::RunOnHostCoreProcess(std::string&& process_name,
                                               std::function<void()> func) {
     // Make a new process.
     KProcess* process = KProcess::Create(*this);
-    ASSERT(R_SUCCEEDED(KProcess::Initialize(process, System(), "", KProcess::ProcessType::Userland,
-                                            GetSystemResourceLimit())));
+    ASSERT(R_SUCCEEDED(
+        process->Initialize(Svc::CreateProcessParameter{}, GetSystemResourceLimit(), false)));
 
     // Ensure that we don't hold onto any extra references.
     SCOPE_EXIT({ process->Close(); });
@@ -1156,8 +1148,8 @@ void KernelCore::RunOnGuestCoreProcess(std::string&& process_name, std::function
 
     // Make a new process.
     KProcess* process = KProcess::Create(*this);
-    ASSERT(R_SUCCEEDED(KProcess::Initialize(process, System(), "", KProcess::ProcessType::Userland,
-                                            GetSystemResourceLimit())));
+    ASSERT(R_SUCCEEDED(
+        process->Initialize(Svc::CreateProcessParameter{}, GetSystemResourceLimit(), false)));
 
     // Ensure that we don't hold onto any extra references.
     SCOPE_EXIT({ process->Close(); });
@@ -1266,7 +1258,8 @@ const Kernel::KSharedMemory& KernelCore::GetHidBusSharedMem() const {
 
 void KernelCore::SuspendApplication(bool suspended) {
     const bool should_suspend{exception_exited || suspended};
-    const auto activity = should_suspend ? ProcessActivity::Paused : ProcessActivity::Runnable;
+    const auto activity =
+        should_suspend ? Svc::ProcessActivity::Paused : Svc::ProcessActivity::Runnable;
 
     // Get the application process.
     KScopedAutoObject<KProcess> process = ApplicationProcess();
@@ -1300,6 +1293,8 @@ void KernelCore::SuspendApplication(bool suspended) {
 }
 
 void KernelCore::ShutdownCores() {
+    impl->TerminateApplicationProcess();
+
     KScopedSchedulerLock lk{*this};
 
     for (auto* thread : impl->shutdown_threads) {
diff --git a/src/core/hle/kernel/kernel.h b/src/core/hle/kernel/kernel.h
index d5b08eeb5..d8086c0ea 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/kernel/kernel.h
+++ b/src/core/hle/kernel/kernel.h
@@ -134,9 +134,6 @@ public:
     /// Retrieves a const pointer to the application process.
     const KProcess* ApplicationProcess() const;
 
-    /// Closes the application process.
-    void CloseApplicationProcess();
-
     /// Retrieves the list of processes.
     const std::vector<KProcess*>& GetProcessList() const;
 
diff --git a/src/core/hle/kernel/svc.cpp b/src/core/hle/kernel/svc.cpp
index 871d541d4..b76683969 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/kernel/svc.cpp
+++ b/src/core/hle/kernel/svc.cpp
@@ -4426,7 +4426,7 @@ void Call(Core::System& system, u32 imm) {
     auto& kernel = system.Kernel();
     kernel.EnterSVCProfile();
 
-    if (GetCurrentProcess(system.Kernel()).Is64BitProcess()) {
+    if (GetCurrentProcess(system.Kernel()).Is64Bit()) {
         Call64(system, imm);
     } else {
         Call32(system, imm);
diff --git a/src/core/hle/kernel/svc/svc_info.cpp b/src/core/hle/kernel/svc/svc_info.cpp
index f99964028..ada998772 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/kernel/svc/svc_info.cpp
+++ b/src/core/hle/kernel/svc/svc_info.cpp
@@ -86,20 +86,19 @@ Result GetInfo(Core::System& system, u64* result, InfoType info_id_type, Handle
             R_SUCCEED();
 
         case InfoType::TotalMemorySize:
-            *result = process->GetTotalPhysicalMemoryAvailable();
+            *result = process->GetTotalUserPhysicalMemorySize();
             R_SUCCEED();
 
         case InfoType::UsedMemorySize:
-            *result = process->GetTotalPhysicalMemoryUsed();
+            *result = process->GetUsedUserPhysicalMemorySize();
             R_SUCCEED();
 
         case InfoType::SystemResourceSizeTotal:
-            *result = process->GetSystemResourceSize();
+            *result = process->GetTotalSystemResourceSize();
             R_SUCCEED();
 
         case InfoType::SystemResourceSizeUsed:
-            LOG_WARNING(Kernel_SVC, "(STUBBED) Attempted to query system resource usage");
-            *result = process->GetSystemResourceUsage();
+            *result = process->GetUsedSystemResourceSize();
             R_SUCCEED();
 
         case InfoType::ProgramId:
@@ -111,20 +110,29 @@ Result GetInfo(Core::System& system, u64* result, InfoType info_id_type, Handle
             R_SUCCEED();
 
         case InfoType::TotalNonSystemMemorySize:
-            *result = process->GetTotalPhysicalMemoryAvailableWithoutSystemResource();
+            *result = process->GetTotalNonSystemUserPhysicalMemorySize();
             R_SUCCEED();
 
         case InfoType::UsedNonSystemMemorySize:
-            *result = process->GetTotalPhysicalMemoryUsedWithoutSystemResource();
+            *result = process->GetUsedNonSystemUserPhysicalMemorySize();
             R_SUCCEED();
 
         case InfoType::IsApplication:
             LOG_WARNING(Kernel_SVC, "(STUBBED) Assuming process is application");
-            *result = true;
+            *result = process->IsApplication();
             R_SUCCEED();
 
         case InfoType::FreeThreadCount:
-            *result = process->GetFreeThreadCount();
+            if (KResourceLimit* resource_limit = process->GetResourceLimit();
+                resource_limit != nullptr) {
+                const auto current_value =
+                    resource_limit->GetCurrentValue(Svc::LimitableResource::ThreadCountMax);
+                const auto limit_value =
+                    resource_limit->GetLimitValue(Svc::LimitableResource::ThreadCountMax);
+                *result = limit_value - current_value;
+            } else {
+                *result = 0;
+            }
             R_SUCCEED();
 
         default:
@@ -161,7 +169,7 @@ Result GetInfo(Core::System& system, u64* result, InfoType info_id_type, Handle
 
     case InfoType::RandomEntropy:
         R_UNLESS(handle == 0, ResultInvalidHandle);
-        R_UNLESS(info_sub_id < KProcess::RANDOM_ENTROPY_SIZE, ResultInvalidCombination);
+        R_UNLESS(info_sub_id < 4, ResultInvalidCombination);
 
         *result = GetCurrentProcess(system.Kernel()).GetRandomEntropy(info_sub_id);
         R_SUCCEED();
diff --git a/src/core/hle/kernel/svc/svc_lock.cpp b/src/core/hle/kernel/svc/svc_lock.cpp
index 1d7bc4246..5f0833fcb 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/kernel/svc/svc_lock.cpp
+++ b/src/core/hle/kernel/svc/svc_lock.cpp
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ Result ArbitrateLock(Core::System& system, Handle thread_handle, u64 address, u3
     R_UNLESS(!IsKernelAddress(address), ResultInvalidCurrentMemory);
     R_UNLESS(Common::IsAligned(address, sizeof(u32)), ResultInvalidAddress);
 
-    R_RETURN(GetCurrentProcess(system.Kernel()).WaitForAddress(thread_handle, address, tag));
+    R_RETURN(KConditionVariable::WaitForAddress(system.Kernel(), thread_handle, address, tag));
 }
 
 /// Unlock a mutex
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ Result ArbitrateUnlock(Core::System& system, u64 address) {
     R_UNLESS(!IsKernelAddress(address), ResultInvalidCurrentMemory);
     R_UNLESS(Common::IsAligned(address, sizeof(u32)), ResultInvalidAddress);
 
-    R_RETURN(GetCurrentProcess(system.Kernel()).SignalToAddress(address));
+    R_RETURN(KConditionVariable::SignalToAddress(system.Kernel(), address));
 }
 
 Result ArbitrateLock64(Core::System& system, Handle thread_handle, uint64_t address, uint32_t tag) {
diff --git a/src/core/hle/kernel/svc/svc_physical_memory.cpp b/src/core/hle/kernel/svc/svc_physical_memory.cpp
index d3545f232..99330d02a 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/kernel/svc/svc_physical_memory.cpp
+++ b/src/core/hle/kernel/svc/svc_physical_memory.cpp
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ Result MapPhysicalMemory(Core::System& system, u64 addr, u64 size) {
     KProcess* const current_process{GetCurrentProcessPointer(system.Kernel())};
     auto& page_table{current_process->GetPageTable()};
 
-    if (current_process->GetSystemResourceSize() == 0) {
+    if (current_process->GetTotalSystemResourceSize() == 0) {
         LOG_ERROR(Kernel_SVC, "System Resource Size is zero");
         R_THROW(ResultInvalidState);
     }
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ Result UnmapPhysicalMemory(Core::System& system, u64 addr, u64 size) {
     KProcess* const current_process{GetCurrentProcessPointer(system.Kernel())};
     auto& page_table{current_process->GetPageTable()};
 
-    if (current_process->GetSystemResourceSize() == 0) {
+    if (current_process->GetTotalSystemResourceSize() == 0) {
         LOG_ERROR(Kernel_SVC, "System Resource Size is zero");
         R_THROW(ResultInvalidState);
     }
diff --git a/src/core/hle/kernel/svc/svc_synchronization.cpp b/src/core/hle/kernel/svc/svc_synchronization.cpp
index 8ebc1bd1c..6c79cfd8d 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/kernel/svc/svc_synchronization.cpp
+++ b/src/core/hle/kernel/svc/svc_synchronization.cpp
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ void SynchronizePreemptionState(Core::System& system) {
         GetCurrentThread(kernel).ClearInterruptFlag();
 
         // Unpin the current thread.
-        cur_process->UnpinCurrentThread(core_id);
+        cur_process->UnpinCurrentThread();
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/src/core/hle/kernel/svc/svc_thread.cpp b/src/core/hle/kernel/svc/svc_thread.cpp
index 933b82e30..755fd62b5 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/kernel/svc/svc_thread.cpp
+++ b/src/core/hle/kernel/svc/svc_thread.cpp
@@ -85,10 +85,6 @@ Result StartThread(Core::System& system, Handle thread_handle) {
     // Try to start the thread.
     R_TRY(thread->Run());
 
-    // If we succeeded, persist a reference to the thread.
-    thread->Open();
-    system.Kernel().RegisterInUseObject(thread.GetPointerUnsafe());
-
     R_SUCCEED();
 }
 
@@ -99,7 +95,6 @@ void ExitThread(Core::System& system) {
     auto* const current_thread = GetCurrentThreadPointer(system.Kernel());
     system.GlobalSchedulerContext().RemoveThread(current_thread);
     current_thread->Exit();
-    system.Kernel().UnregisterInUseObject(current_thread);
 }
 
 /// Sleep the current thread
@@ -260,7 +255,7 @@ Result GetThreadList(Core::System& system, s32* out_num_threads, u64 out_thread_
 
     auto list_iter = thread_list.cbegin();
     for (std::size_t i = 0; i < copy_amount; ++i, ++list_iter) {
-        memory.Write64(out_thread_ids, (*list_iter)->GetThreadId());
+        memory.Write64(out_thread_ids, list_iter->GetThreadId());
         out_thread_ids += sizeof(u64);
     }
 
diff --git a/src/core/hle/kernel/svc_generator.py b/src/core/hle/kernel/svc_generator.py
index 7fcbb1ba1..5531faac6 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/kernel/svc_generator.py
+++ b/src/core/hle/kernel/svc_generator.py
@@ -592,7 +592,7 @@ void Call(Core::System& system, u32 imm) {
     auto& kernel = system.Kernel();
     kernel.EnterSVCProfile();
 
-    if (GetCurrentProcess(system.Kernel()).Is64BitProcess()) {
+    if (GetCurrentProcess(system.Kernel()).Is64Bit()) {
         Call64(system, imm);
     } else {
         Call32(system, imm);
diff --git a/src/core/hle/kernel/svc_types.h b/src/core/hle/kernel/svc_types.h
index 251e6013c..50de02e36 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/kernel/svc_types.h
+++ b/src/core/hle/kernel/svc_types.h
@@ -604,13 +604,57 @@ enum class ProcessActivity : u32 {
     Paused,
 };
 
+enum class CreateProcessFlag : u32 {
+    // Is 64 bit?
+    Is64Bit = (1 << 0),
+
+    // What kind of address space?
+    AddressSpaceShift = 1,
+    AddressSpaceMask = (7 << AddressSpaceShift),
+    AddressSpace32Bit = (0 << AddressSpaceShift),
+    AddressSpace64BitDeprecated = (1 << AddressSpaceShift),
+    AddressSpace32BitWithoutAlias = (2 << AddressSpaceShift),
+    AddressSpace64Bit = (3 << AddressSpaceShift),
+
+    // Should JIT debug be done on crash?
+    EnableDebug = (1 << 4),
+
+    // Should ASLR be enabled for the process?
+    EnableAslr = (1 << 5),
+
+    // Is the process an application?
+    IsApplication = (1 << 6),
+
+    // 4.x deprecated: Should use secure memory?
+    DeprecatedUseSecureMemory = (1 << 7),
+
+    // 5.x+ Pool partition type.
+    PoolPartitionShift = 7,
+    PoolPartitionMask = (0xF << PoolPartitionShift),
+    PoolPartitionApplication = (0 << PoolPartitionShift),
+    PoolPartitionApplet = (1 << PoolPartitionShift),
+    PoolPartitionSystem = (2 << PoolPartitionShift),
+    PoolPartitionSystemNonSecure = (3 << PoolPartitionShift),
+
+    // 7.x+ Should memory allocation be optimized? This requires IsApplication.
+    OptimizeMemoryAllocation = (1 << 11),
+
+    // 11.x+ DisableDeviceAddressSpaceMerge.
+    DisableDeviceAddressSpaceMerge = (1 << 12),
+
+    // Mask of all flags.
+    All = Is64Bit | AddressSpaceMask | EnableDebug | EnableAslr | IsApplication |
+          PoolPartitionMask | OptimizeMemoryAllocation | DisableDeviceAddressSpaceMerge,
+};
+DECLARE_ENUM_FLAG_OPERATORS(CreateProcessFlag);
+
 struct CreateProcessParameter {
     std::array<char, 12> name;
     u32 version;
     u64 program_id;
     u64 code_address;
     s32 code_num_pages;
-    u32 flags;
+    CreateProcessFlag flags;
     Handle reslimit;
     s32 system_resource_num_pages;
 };
diff --git a/src/core/hle/service/am/am.cpp b/src/core/hle/service/am/am.cpp
index 98765b81a..cc643ea09 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/service/am/am.cpp
+++ b/src/core/hle/service/am/am.cpp
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
 #include "core/hle/service/am/applets/applet_cabinet.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/am/applets/applet_mii_edit_types.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/am/applets/applet_profile_select.h"
+#include "core/hle/service/am/applets/applet_software_keyboard_types.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/am/applets/applet_web_browser.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/am/applets/applets.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/am/idle.h"
@@ -31,6 +32,7 @@
 #include "core/hle/service/apm/apm_controller.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/apm/apm_interface.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/bcat/backend/backend.h"
+#include "core/hle/service/caps/caps_su.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/caps/caps_types.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/filesystem/filesystem.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/ipc_helpers.h"
@@ -702,9 +704,17 @@ void ISelfController::SetAlbumImageTakenNotificationEnabled(HLERequestContext& c
 void ISelfController::SaveCurrentScreenshot(HLERequestContext& ctx) {
     IPC::RequestParser rp{ctx};
 
-    const auto album_report_option = rp.PopEnum<Capture::AlbumReportOption>();
+    const auto report_option = rp.PopEnum<Capture::AlbumReportOption>();
 
-    LOG_WARNING(Service_AM, "(STUBBED) called. album_report_option={}", album_report_option);
+    LOG_INFO(Service_AM, "called, report_option={}", report_option);
+
+    const auto screenshot_service =
+        system.ServiceManager().GetService<Service::Capture::IScreenShotApplicationService>(
+            "caps:su");
+
+    if (screenshot_service) {
+        screenshot_service->CaptureAndSaveScreenshot(report_option);
+    }
 
     IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2};
     rb.Push(ResultSuccess);
@@ -796,7 +806,9 @@ ILockAccessor::ILockAccessor(Core::System& system_)
     lock_event = service_context.CreateEvent("ILockAccessor::LockEvent");
 }
 
-ILockAccessor::~ILockAccessor() = default;
+ILockAccessor::~ILockAccessor() {
+    service_context.CloseEvent(lock_event);
+};
 
 void ILockAccessor::TryLock(HLERequestContext& ctx) {
     IPC::RequestParser rp{ctx};
@@ -909,7 +921,9 @@ ICommonStateGetter::ICommonStateGetter(Core::System& system_,
     msg_queue->PushMessage(AppletMessageQueue::AppletMessage::ChangeIntoForeground);
 }
 
-ICommonStateGetter::~ICommonStateGetter() = default;
+ICommonStateGetter::~ICommonStateGetter() {
+    service_context.CloseEvent(sleep_lock_event);
+};
 
 void ICommonStateGetter::GetBootMode(HLERequestContext& ctx) {
     LOG_DEBUG(Service_AM, "called");
@@ -1558,7 +1572,7 @@ ILibraryAppletSelfAccessor::ILibraryAppletSelfAccessor(Core::System& system_)
         {16, nullptr, "GetMainAppletStorageId"},
         {17, nullptr, "GetCallerAppletIdentityInfoStack"},
         {18, nullptr, "GetNextReturnDestinationAppletIdentityInfo"},
-        {19, nullptr, "GetDesirableKeyboardLayout"},
+        {19, &ILibraryAppletSelfAccessor::GetDesirableKeyboardLayout, "GetDesirableKeyboardLayout"},
         {20, nullptr, "PopExtraStorage"},
         {25, nullptr, "GetPopExtraStorageEvent"},
         {30, nullptr, "UnpopInData"},
@@ -1577,7 +1591,7 @@ ILibraryAppletSelfAccessor::ILibraryAppletSelfAccessor(Core::System& system_)
         {120, nullptr, "GetLaunchStorageInfoForDebug"},
         {130, nullptr, "GetGpuErrorDetectedSystemEvent"},
         {140, nullptr, "SetApplicationMemoryReservation"},
-        {150, nullptr, "ShouldSetGpuTimeSliceManually"},
+        {150, &ILibraryAppletSelfAccessor::ShouldSetGpuTimeSliceManually, "ShouldSetGpuTimeSliceManually"},
     };
     // clang-format on
     RegisterHandlers(functions);
@@ -1592,6 +1606,9 @@ ILibraryAppletSelfAccessor::ILibraryAppletSelfAccessor(Core::System& system_)
     case Applets::AppletId::PhotoViewer:
         PushInShowAlbum();
         break;
+    case Applets::AppletId::SoftwareKeyboard:
+        PushInShowSoftwareKeyboard();
+        break;
     default:
         break;
     }
@@ -1668,6 +1685,14 @@ void ILibraryAppletSelfAccessor::GetCallerAppletIdentityInfo(HLERequestContext&
     rb.PushRaw(applet_info);
 }
 
+void ILibraryAppletSelfAccessor::GetDesirableKeyboardLayout(HLERequestContext& ctx) {
+    LOG_WARNING(Service_AM, "(STUBBED) called");
+
+    IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 3};
+    rb.Push(ResultSuccess);
+    rb.Push<u32>(0);
+}
+
 void ILibraryAppletSelfAccessor::GetMainAppletAvailableUsers(HLERequestContext& ctx) {
     const Service::Account::ProfileManager manager{};
     bool is_empty{true};
@@ -1687,6 +1712,14 @@ void ILibraryAppletSelfAccessor::GetMainAppletAvailableUsers(HLERequestContext&
     rb.Push(user_count);
 }
 
+void ILibraryAppletSelfAccessor::ShouldSetGpuTimeSliceManually(HLERequestContext& ctx) {
+    LOG_WARNING(Service_AM, "(STUBBED) called");
+
+    IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2};
+    rb.Push(ResultSuccess);
+    rb.Push<u8>(0);
+}
+
 void ILibraryAppletSelfAccessor::PushInShowAlbum() {
     const Applets::CommonArguments arguments{
         .arguments_version = Applets::CommonArgumentVersion::Version3,
@@ -1755,6 +1788,61 @@ void ILibraryAppletSelfAccessor::PushInShowMiiEditData() {
     queue_data.emplace_back(std::move(argument_data));
 }
 
+void ILibraryAppletSelfAccessor::PushInShowSoftwareKeyboard() {
+    const Applets::CommonArguments arguments{
+        .arguments_version = Applets::CommonArgumentVersion::Version3,
+        .size = Applets::CommonArgumentSize::Version3,
+        .library_version = static_cast<u32>(Applets::SwkbdAppletVersion::Version524301),
+        .theme_color = Applets::ThemeColor::BasicBlack,
+        .play_startup_sound = true,
+        .system_tick = system.CoreTiming().GetClockTicks(),
+    };
+
+    std::vector<char16_t> initial_string(0);
+
+    const Applets::SwkbdConfigCommon swkbd_config{
+        .type = Applets::SwkbdType::Qwerty,
+        .ok_text{},
+        .left_optional_symbol_key{},
+        .right_optional_symbol_key{},
+        .use_prediction = false,
+        .key_disable_flags{},
+        .initial_cursor_position = Applets::SwkbdInitialCursorPosition::Start,
+        .header_text{},
+        .sub_text{},
+        .guide_text{},
+        .max_text_length = 500,
+        .min_text_length = 0,
+        .password_mode = Applets::SwkbdPasswordMode::Disabled,
+        .text_draw_type = Applets::SwkbdTextDrawType::Box,
+        .enable_return_button = true,
+        .use_utf8 = false,
+        .use_blur_background = true,
+        .initial_string_offset{},
+        .initial_string_length = static_cast<u32>(initial_string.size()),
+        .user_dictionary_offset{},
+        .user_dictionary_entries{},
+        .use_text_check = false,
+    };
+
+    Applets::SwkbdConfigNew swkbd_config_new{};
+
+    std::vector<u8> argument_data(sizeof(arguments));
+    std::vector<u8> swkbd_data(sizeof(swkbd_config) + sizeof(swkbd_config_new));
+    std::vector<u8> work_buffer(swkbd_config.initial_string_length * sizeof(char16_t));
+
+    std::memcpy(argument_data.data(), &arguments, sizeof(arguments));
+    std::memcpy(swkbd_data.data(), &swkbd_config, sizeof(swkbd_config));
+    std::memcpy(swkbd_data.data() + sizeof(swkbd_config), &swkbd_config_new,
+                sizeof(Applets::SwkbdConfigNew));
+    std::memcpy(work_buffer.data(), initial_string.data(),
+                swkbd_config.initial_string_length * sizeof(char16_t));
+
+    queue_data.emplace_back(std::move(argument_data));
+    queue_data.emplace_back(std::move(swkbd_data));
+    queue_data.emplace_back(std::move(work_buffer));
+}
+
 IAppletCommonFunctions::IAppletCommonFunctions(Core::System& system_)
     : ServiceFramework{system_, "IAppletCommonFunctions"} {
     // clang-format off
diff --git a/src/core/hle/service/am/am.h b/src/core/hle/service/am/am.h
index 64b3f3fe2..8f8cb8a9e 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/service/am/am.h
+++ b/src/core/hle/service/am/am.h
@@ -347,11 +347,14 @@ private:
     void GetLibraryAppletInfo(HLERequestContext& ctx);
     void ExitProcessAndReturn(HLERequestContext& ctx);
     void GetCallerAppletIdentityInfo(HLERequestContext& ctx);
+    void GetDesirableKeyboardLayout(HLERequestContext& ctx);
     void GetMainAppletAvailableUsers(HLERequestContext& ctx);
+    void ShouldSetGpuTimeSliceManually(HLERequestContext& ctx);
 
     void PushInShowAlbum();
     void PushInShowCabinetData();
     void PushInShowMiiEditData();
+    void PushInShowSoftwareKeyboard();
 
     std::deque<std::vector<u8>> queue_data;
 };
diff --git a/src/core/hle/service/am/applets/applet_cabinet.cpp b/src/core/hle/service/am/applets/applet_cabinet.cpp
index 19ed184e8..b379dadeb 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/service/am/applets/applet_cabinet.cpp
+++ b/src/core/hle/service/am/applets/applet_cabinet.cpp
@@ -25,7 +25,9 @@ Cabinet::Cabinet(Core::System& system_, LibraryAppletMode applet_mode_,
         service_context.CreateEvent("CabinetApplet:AvailabilityChangeEvent");
 }
 
-Cabinet::~Cabinet() = default;
+Cabinet::~Cabinet() {
+    service_context.CloseEvent(availability_change_event);
+};
 
 void Cabinet::Initialize() {
     Applet::Initialize();
diff --git a/src/core/hle/service/am/applets/applet_web_browser.cpp b/src/core/hle/service/am/applets/applet_web_browser.cpp
index 1c9a1dc29..b0ea2b381 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/service/am/applets/applet_web_browser.cpp
+++ b/src/core/hle/service/am/applets/applet_web_browser.cpp
@@ -330,8 +330,7 @@ void WebBrowser::ExtractOfflineRomFS() {
     LOG_DEBUG(Service_AM, "Extracting RomFS to {}",
               Common::FS::PathToUTF8String(offline_cache_dir));
 
-    const auto extracted_romfs_dir =
-        FileSys::ExtractRomFS(offline_romfs, FileSys::RomFSExtractionType::SingleDiscard);
+    const auto extracted_romfs_dir = FileSys::ExtractRomFS(offline_romfs);
 
     const auto temp_dir = system.GetFilesystem()->CreateDirectory(
         Common::FS::PathToUTF8String(offline_cache_dir), FileSys::Mode::ReadWrite);
diff --git a/src/core/hle/service/caps/caps_manager.cpp b/src/core/hle/service/caps/caps_manager.cpp
index 7d733eb54..96b225d5f 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/service/caps/caps_manager.cpp
+++ b/src/core/hle/service/caps/caps_manager.cpp
@@ -228,12 +228,14 @@ Result AlbumManager::LoadAlbumScreenShotThumbnail(
 
 Result AlbumManager::SaveScreenShot(ApplicationAlbumEntry& out_entry,
                                     const ScreenShotAttribute& attribute,
-                                    std::span<const u8> image_data, u64 aruid) {
-    return SaveScreenShot(out_entry, attribute, {}, image_data, aruid);
+                                    AlbumReportOption report_option, std::span<const u8> image_data,
+                                    u64 aruid) {
+    return SaveScreenShot(out_entry, attribute, report_option, {}, image_data, aruid);
 }
 
 Result AlbumManager::SaveScreenShot(ApplicationAlbumEntry& out_entry,
                                     const ScreenShotAttribute& attribute,
+                                    AlbumReportOption report_option,
                                     const ApplicationData& app_data, std::span<const u8> image_data,
                                     u64 aruid) {
     const u64 title_id = system.GetApplicationProcessProgramID();
@@ -407,10 +409,14 @@ Result AlbumManager::LoadImage(std::span<u8> out_image, const std::filesystem::p
     return ResultSuccess;
 }
 
-static void PNGToMemory(void* context, void* png, int len) {
+void AlbumManager::FlipVerticallyOnWrite(bool flip) {
+    stbi_flip_vertically_on_write(flip);
+}
+
+static void PNGToMemory(void* context, void* data, int len) {
     std::vector<u8>* png_image = static_cast<std::vector<u8>*>(context);
-    png_image->reserve(len);
-    std::memcpy(png_image->data(), png, len);
+    unsigned char* png = static_cast<unsigned char*>(data);
+    png_image->insert(png_image->end(), png, png + len);
 }
 
 Result AlbumManager::SaveImage(ApplicationAlbumEntry& out_entry, std::span<const u8> image,
diff --git a/src/core/hle/service/caps/caps_manager.h b/src/core/hle/service/caps/caps_manager.h
index 44d85117f..e20c70c7b 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/service/caps/caps_manager.h
+++ b/src/core/hle/service/caps/caps_manager.h
@@ -59,14 +59,17 @@ public:
                                         const ScreenShotDecodeOption& decoder_options) const;
 
     Result SaveScreenShot(ApplicationAlbumEntry& out_entry, const ScreenShotAttribute& attribute,
-                          std::span<const u8> image_data, u64 aruid);
-    Result SaveScreenShot(ApplicationAlbumEntry& out_entry, const ScreenShotAttribute& attribute,
-                          const ApplicationData& app_data, std::span<const u8> image_data,
+                          AlbumReportOption report_option, std::span<const u8> image_data,
                           u64 aruid);
+    Result SaveScreenShot(ApplicationAlbumEntry& out_entry, const ScreenShotAttribute& attribute,
+                          AlbumReportOption report_option, const ApplicationData& app_data,
+                          std::span<const u8> image_data, u64 aruid);
     Result SaveEditedScreenShot(ApplicationAlbumEntry& out_entry,
                                 const ScreenShotAttribute& attribute, const AlbumFileId& file_id,
                                 std::span<const u8> image_data);
 
+    void FlipVerticallyOnWrite(bool flip);
+
 private:
     static constexpr std::size_t NandAlbumFileLimit = 1000;
     static constexpr std::size_t SdAlbumFileLimit = 10000;
diff --git a/src/core/hle/service/caps/caps_ss.cpp b/src/core/hle/service/caps/caps_ss.cpp
index 1ba2b7972..eab023568 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/service/caps/caps_ss.cpp
+++ b/src/core/hle/service/caps/caps_ss.cpp
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ void IScreenShotService::SaveScreenShotEx0(HLERequestContext& ctx) {
     IPC::RequestParser rp{ctx};
     struct Parameters {
         ScreenShotAttribute attribute{};
-        u32 report_option{};
+        AlbumReportOption report_option{};
         INSERT_PADDING_BYTES(0x4);
         u64 applet_resource_user_id{};
     };
@@ -49,13 +49,16 @@ void IScreenShotService::SaveScreenShotEx0(HLERequestContext& ctx) {
              parameters.applet_resource_user_id);
 
     ApplicationAlbumEntry entry{};
-    const auto result = manager->SaveScreenShot(entry, parameters.attribute, image_data_buffer,
-                                                parameters.applet_resource_user_id);
+    manager->FlipVerticallyOnWrite(false);
+    const auto result =
+        manager->SaveScreenShot(entry, parameters.attribute, parameters.report_option,
+                                image_data_buffer, parameters.applet_resource_user_id);
 
     IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 10};
     rb.Push(result);
     rb.PushRaw(entry);
 }
+
 void IScreenShotService::SaveEditedScreenShotEx1(HLERequestContext& ctx) {
     IPC::RequestParser rp{ctx};
     struct Parameters {
@@ -83,6 +86,7 @@ void IScreenShotService::SaveEditedScreenShotEx1(HLERequestContext& ctx) {
              image_data_buffer.size(), thumbnail_image_data_buffer.size());
 
     ApplicationAlbumEntry entry{};
+    manager->FlipVerticallyOnWrite(false);
     const auto result = manager->SaveEditedScreenShot(entry, parameters.attribute,
                                                       parameters.file_id, image_data_buffer);
 
diff --git a/src/core/hle/service/caps/caps_su.cpp b/src/core/hle/service/caps/caps_su.cpp
index e85625ee4..296b07b00 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/service/caps/caps_su.cpp
+++ b/src/core/hle/service/caps/caps_su.cpp
@@ -2,10 +2,12 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 
 #include "common/logging/log.h"
+#include "core/core.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/caps/caps_manager.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/caps/caps_su.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/caps/caps_types.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/ipc_helpers.h"
+#include "video_core/renderer_base.h"
 
 namespace Service::Capture {
 
@@ -58,8 +60,10 @@ void IScreenShotApplicationService::SaveScreenShotEx0(HLERequestContext& ctx) {
              parameters.applet_resource_user_id);
 
     ApplicationAlbumEntry entry{};
-    const auto result = manager->SaveScreenShot(entry, parameters.attribute, image_data_buffer,
-                                                parameters.applet_resource_user_id);
+    manager->FlipVerticallyOnWrite(false);
+    const auto result =
+        manager->SaveScreenShot(entry, parameters.attribute, parameters.report_option,
+                                image_data_buffer, parameters.applet_resource_user_id);
 
     IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 10};
     rb.Push(result);
@@ -88,13 +92,43 @@ void IScreenShotApplicationService::SaveScreenShotEx1(HLERequestContext& ctx) {
     ApplicationAlbumEntry entry{};
     ApplicationData app_data{};
     std::memcpy(&app_data, app_data_buffer.data(), sizeof(ApplicationData));
+    manager->FlipVerticallyOnWrite(false);
     const auto result =
-        manager->SaveScreenShot(entry, parameters.attribute, app_data, image_data_buffer,
-                                parameters.applet_resource_user_id);
+        manager->SaveScreenShot(entry, parameters.attribute, parameters.report_option, app_data,
+                                image_data_buffer, parameters.applet_resource_user_id);
 
     IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 10};
     rb.Push(result);
     rb.PushRaw(entry);
 }
 
+void IScreenShotApplicationService::CaptureAndSaveScreenshot(AlbumReportOption report_option) {
+    auto& renderer = system.Renderer();
+    Layout::FramebufferLayout layout =
+        Layout::DefaultFrameLayout(screenshot_width, screenshot_height);
+
+    const Capture::ScreenShotAttribute attribute{
+        .unknown_0{},
+        .orientation = Capture::AlbumImageOrientation::None,
+        .unknown_1{},
+        .unknown_2{},
+    };
+
+    renderer.RequestScreenshot(
+        image_data.data(),
+        [attribute, report_option, this](bool invert_y) {
+            // Convert from BGRA to RGBA
+            for (std::size_t i = 0; i < image_data.size(); i += bytes_per_pixel) {
+                const u8 temp = image_data[i];
+                image_data[i] = image_data[i + 2];
+                image_data[i + 2] = temp;
+            }
+
+            Capture::ApplicationAlbumEntry entry{};
+            manager->FlipVerticallyOnWrite(invert_y);
+            manager->SaveScreenShot(entry, attribute, report_option, image_data, {});
+        },
+        layout);
+}
+
 } // namespace Service::Capture
diff --git a/src/core/hle/service/caps/caps_su.h b/src/core/hle/service/caps/caps_su.h
index 89e71f506..21912e95f 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/service/caps/caps_su.h
+++ b/src/core/hle/service/caps/caps_su.h
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ class System;
 }
 
 namespace Service::Capture {
+enum class AlbumReportOption : s32;
 class AlbumManager;
 
 class IScreenShotApplicationService final : public ServiceFramework<IScreenShotApplicationService> {
@@ -18,11 +19,19 @@ public:
                                            std::shared_ptr<AlbumManager> album_manager);
     ~IScreenShotApplicationService() override;
 
+    void CaptureAndSaveScreenshot(AlbumReportOption report_option);
+
 private:
+    static constexpr std::size_t screenshot_width = 1280;
+    static constexpr std::size_t screenshot_height = 720;
+    static constexpr std::size_t bytes_per_pixel = 4;
+
     void SetShimLibraryVersion(HLERequestContext& ctx);
     void SaveScreenShotEx0(HLERequestContext& ctx);
     void SaveScreenShotEx1(HLERequestContext& ctx);
 
+    std::array<u8, screenshot_width * screenshot_height * bytes_per_pixel> image_data;
+
     std::shared_ptr<AlbumManager> manager;
 };
 
diff --git a/src/core/hle/service/hid/controllers/npad.cpp b/src/core/hle/service/hid/controllers/npad.cpp
index bc822f19e..21695bda2 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/service/hid/controllers/npad.cpp
+++ b/src/core/hle/service/hid/controllers/npad.cpp
@@ -1108,9 +1108,9 @@ Result Controller_NPad::DisconnectNpad(Core::HID::NpadIdType npad_id) {
     shared_memory->sixaxis_dual_right_properties.raw = 0;
     shared_memory->sixaxis_left_properties.raw = 0;
     shared_memory->sixaxis_right_properties.raw = 0;
-    shared_memory->battery_level_dual = 0;
-    shared_memory->battery_level_left = 0;
-    shared_memory->battery_level_right = 0;
+    shared_memory->battery_level_dual = Core::HID::NpadBatteryLevel::Empty;
+    shared_memory->battery_level_left = Core::HID::NpadBatteryLevel::Empty;
+    shared_memory->battery_level_right = Core::HID::NpadBatteryLevel::Empty;
     shared_memory->fullkey_color = {
         .attribute = ColorAttribute::NoController,
         .fullkey = {},
diff --git a/src/core/hle/service/hid/controllers/palma.cpp b/src/core/hle/service/hid/controllers/palma.cpp
index 14c67e454..73a2a2b91 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/service/hid/controllers/palma.cpp
+++ b/src/core/hle/service/hid/controllers/palma.cpp
@@ -19,7 +19,9 @@ Controller_Palma::Controller_Palma(Core::HID::HIDCore& hid_core_, u8* raw_shared
     operation_complete_event = service_context.CreateEvent("hid:PalmaOperationCompleteEvent");
 }
 
-Controller_Palma::~Controller_Palma() = default;
+Controller_Palma::~Controller_Palma() {
+    service_context.CloseEvent(operation_complete_event);
+};
 
 void Controller_Palma::OnInit() {}
 
diff --git a/src/core/hle/service/hid/hid.cpp b/src/core/hle/service/hid/hid.cpp
index 4d70006c1..1d4101be9 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/service/hid/hid.cpp
+++ b/src/core/hle/service/hid/hid.cpp
@@ -1353,7 +1353,7 @@ void Hid::IsUnintendedHomeButtonInputProtectionEnabled(HLERequestContext& ctx) {
 void Hid::EnableUnintendedHomeButtonInputProtection(HLERequestContext& ctx) {
     IPC::RequestParser rp{ctx};
     struct Parameters {
-        bool unintended_home_button_input_protection;
+        bool is_enabled;
         INSERT_PADDING_BYTES_NOINIT(3);
         Core::HID::NpadIdType npad_id;
         u64 applet_resource_user_id;
@@ -1364,13 +1364,11 @@ void Hid::EnableUnintendedHomeButtonInputProtection(HLERequestContext& ctx) {
 
     auto& controller = GetAppletResource()->GetController<Controller_NPad>(HidController::NPad);
     const auto result = controller.SetUnintendedHomeButtonInputProtectionEnabled(
-        parameters.unintended_home_button_input_protection, parameters.npad_id);
+        parameters.is_enabled, parameters.npad_id);
 
-    LOG_WARNING(Service_HID,
-                "(STUBBED) called, unintended_home_button_input_protection={}, npad_id={},"
-                "applet_resource_user_id={}",
-                parameters.unintended_home_button_input_protection, parameters.npad_id,
-                parameters.applet_resource_user_id);
+    LOG_DEBUG(Service_HID,
+              "(STUBBED) called, is_enabled={}, npad_id={}, applet_resource_user_id={}",
+              parameters.is_enabled, parameters.npad_id, parameters.applet_resource_user_id);
 
     IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2};
     rb.Push(result);
@@ -2757,6 +2755,10 @@ public:
         joy_detach_event = service_context.CreateEvent("HidSys::JoyDetachEvent");
     }
 
+    ~HidSys() {
+        service_context.CloseEvent(joy_detach_event);
+    };
+
 private:
     void ApplyNpadSystemCommonPolicy(HLERequestContext& ctx) {
         LOG_WARNING(Service_HID, "called");
diff --git a/src/core/hle/service/hid/hidbus/hidbus_base.cpp b/src/core/hle/service/hid/hidbus/hidbus_base.cpp
index ee522c36e..8c44f93e8 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/service/hid/hidbus/hidbus_base.cpp
+++ b/src/core/hle/service/hid/hidbus/hidbus_base.cpp
@@ -13,7 +13,10 @@ HidbusBase::HidbusBase(Core::System& system_, KernelHelpers::ServiceContext& ser
     : system(system_), service_context(service_context_) {
     send_command_async_event = service_context.CreateEvent("hidbus:SendCommandAsyncEvent");
 }
-HidbusBase::~HidbusBase() = default;
+
+HidbusBase::~HidbusBase() {
+    service_context.CloseEvent(send_command_async_event);
+};
 
 void HidbusBase::ActivateDevice() {
     if (is_activated) {
diff --git a/src/core/hle/service/hid/ring_lifo.h b/src/core/hle/service/hid/ring_lifo.h
index 65eb7ea02..0816784e0 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/service/hid/ring_lifo.h
+++ b/src/core/hle/service/hid/ring_lifo.h
@@ -32,15 +32,15 @@ struct Lifo {
     }
 
     std::size_t GetPreviousEntryIndex() const {
-        return static_cast<size_t>((buffer_tail + total_buffer_count - 1) % total_buffer_count);
+        return static_cast<size_t>((buffer_tail + max_buffer_size - 1) % max_buffer_size);
     }
 
     std::size_t GetNextEntryIndex() const {
-        return static_cast<size_t>((buffer_tail + 1) % total_buffer_count);
+        return static_cast<size_t>((buffer_tail + 1) % max_buffer_size);
     }
 
     void WriteNextEntry(const State& new_state) {
-        if (buffer_count < total_buffer_count - 1) {
+        if (buffer_count < static_cast<s64>(max_buffer_size) - 1) {
             buffer_count++;
         }
         buffer_tail = GetNextEntryIndex();
diff --git a/src/core/hle/service/kernel_helpers.cpp b/src/core/hle/service/kernel_helpers.cpp
index 6a313a03b..f51e63564 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/service/kernel_helpers.cpp
+++ b/src/core/hle/service/kernel_helpers.cpp
@@ -21,10 +21,8 @@ ServiceContext::ServiceContext(Core::System& system_, std::string name_)
 
     // Create the process.
     process = Kernel::KProcess::Create(kernel);
-    ASSERT(Kernel::KProcess::Initialize(process, system_, std::move(name_),
-                                        Kernel::KProcess::ProcessType::KernelInternal,
-                                        kernel.GetSystemResourceLimit())
-               .IsSuccess());
+    ASSERT(R_SUCCEEDED(process->Initialize(Kernel::Svc::CreateProcessParameter{},
+                                           kernel.GetSystemResourceLimit(), false)));
 
     // Register the process.
     Kernel::KProcess::Register(kernel, process);
diff --git a/src/core/hle/service/nvnflinger/buffer_queue_core.cpp b/src/core/hle/service/nvnflinger/buffer_queue_core.cpp
index 2dbe29616..ed66f6f5b 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/service/nvnflinger/buffer_queue_core.cpp
+++ b/src/core/hle/service/nvnflinger/buffer_queue_core.cpp
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ bool BufferQueueCore::WaitForDequeueCondition(std::unique_lock<std::mutex>& lk)
 s32 BufferQueueCore::GetMinUndequeuedBufferCountLocked(bool async) const {
     // If DequeueBuffer is allowed to error out, we don't have to add an extra buffer.
     if (!use_async_buffer) {
-        return max_acquired_buffer_count;
+        return 0;
     }
 
     if (dequeue_buffer_cannot_block || async) {
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ s32 BufferQueueCore::GetMinUndequeuedBufferCountLocked(bool async) const {
 }
 
 s32 BufferQueueCore::GetMinMaxBufferCountLocked(bool async) const {
-    return GetMinUndequeuedBufferCountLocked(async) + 1;
+    return GetMinUndequeuedBufferCountLocked(async);
 }
 
 s32 BufferQueueCore::GetMaxBufferCountLocked(bool async) const {
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ s32 BufferQueueCore::GetMaxBufferCountLocked(bool async) const {
 
     if (override_max_buffer_count != 0) {
         ASSERT(override_max_buffer_count >= min_buffer_count);
-        max_buffer_count = override_max_buffer_count;
+        return override_max_buffer_count;
     }
 
     // Any buffers that are dequeued by the producer or sitting in the queue waiting to be consumed
diff --git a/src/core/hle/service/nvnflinger/buffer_queue_producer.cpp b/src/core/hle/service/nvnflinger/buffer_queue_producer.cpp
index dc6917d5d..6e7a49658 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/service/nvnflinger/buffer_queue_producer.cpp
+++ b/src/core/hle/service/nvnflinger/buffer_queue_producer.cpp
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ Status BufferQueueProducer::WaitForFreeSlotThenRelock(bool async, s32* found, St
         const s32 max_buffer_count = core->GetMaxBufferCountLocked(async);
         if (async && core->override_max_buffer_count) {
             if (core->override_max_buffer_count < max_buffer_count) {
-                LOG_ERROR(Service_Nvnflinger, "async mode is invalid with buffer count override");
+                *found = BufferQueueCore::INVALID_BUFFER_SLOT;
                 return Status::BadValue;
             }
         }
@@ -142,7 +142,8 @@ Status BufferQueueProducer::WaitForFreeSlotThenRelock(bool async, s32* found, St
         // Free up any buffers that are in slots beyond the max buffer count
         for (s32 s = max_buffer_count; s < BufferQueueDefs::NUM_BUFFER_SLOTS; ++s) {
             ASSERT(slots[s].buffer_state == BufferState::Free);
-            if (slots[s].graphic_buffer != nullptr) {
+            if (slots[s].graphic_buffer != nullptr && slots[s].buffer_state == BufferState::Free &&
+                !slots[s].is_preallocated) {
                 core->FreeBufferLocked(s);
                 *return_flags |= Status::ReleaseAllBuffers;
             }
diff --git a/src/core/hle/service/nvnflinger/nvnflinger.cpp b/src/core/hle/service/nvnflinger/nvnflinger.cpp
index a07c621d9..bebb45eae 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/service/nvnflinger/nvnflinger.cpp
+++ b/src/core/hle/service/nvnflinger/nvnflinger.cpp
@@ -66,7 +66,6 @@ Nvnflinger::Nvnflinger(Core::System& system_, HosBinderDriverServer& hos_binder_
         "ScreenComposition",
         [this](std::uintptr_t, s64 time,
                std::chrono::nanoseconds ns_late) -> std::optional<std::chrono::nanoseconds> {
-            { const auto lock_guard = Lock(); }
             vsync_signal.Set();
             return std::chrono::nanoseconds(GetNextTicks());
         });
@@ -99,6 +98,7 @@ Nvnflinger::~Nvnflinger() {
     }
 
     ShutdownLayers();
+    vsync_thread = {};
 
     if (nvdrv) {
         nvdrv->Close(disp_fd);
@@ -106,6 +106,7 @@ Nvnflinger::~Nvnflinger() {
 }
 
 void Nvnflinger::ShutdownLayers() {
+    const auto lock_guard = Lock();
     for (auto& display : displays) {
         for (size_t layer = 0; layer < display.GetNumLayers(); ++layer) {
             display.GetLayer(layer).Core().NotifyShutdown();
@@ -229,16 +230,6 @@ VI::Layer* Nvnflinger::FindLayer(u64 display_id, u64 layer_id) {
     return display->FindLayer(layer_id);
 }
 
-const VI::Layer* Nvnflinger::FindLayer(u64 display_id, u64 layer_id) const {
-    const auto* const display = FindDisplay(display_id);
-
-    if (display == nullptr) {
-        return nullptr;
-    }
-
-    return display->FindLayer(layer_id);
-}
-
 VI::Layer* Nvnflinger::FindOrCreateLayer(u64 display_id, u64 layer_id) {
     auto* const display = FindDisplay(display_id);
 
@@ -288,7 +279,6 @@ void Nvnflinger::Compose() {
         auto nvdisp = nvdrv->GetDevice<Nvidia::Devices::nvdisp_disp0>(disp_fd);
         ASSERT(nvdisp);
 
-        guard->unlock();
         Common::Rectangle<int> crop_rect{
             static_cast<int>(buffer.crop.Left()), static_cast<int>(buffer.crop.Top()),
             static_cast<int>(buffer.crop.Right()), static_cast<int>(buffer.crop.Bottom())};
@@ -299,7 +289,6 @@ void Nvnflinger::Compose() {
                      buffer.fence.fences, buffer.fence.num_fences);
 
         MicroProfileFlip();
-        guard->lock();
 
         swap_interval = buffer.swap_interval;
 
diff --git a/src/core/hle/service/nvnflinger/nvnflinger.h b/src/core/hle/service/nvnflinger/nvnflinger.h
index 14c783582..959d8b46b 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/service/nvnflinger/nvnflinger.h
+++ b/src/core/hle/service/nvnflinger/nvnflinger.h
@@ -117,9 +117,6 @@ private:
     /// Finds the layer identified by the specified ID in the desired display.
     [[nodiscard]] VI::Layer* FindLayer(u64 display_id, u64 layer_id);
 
-    /// Finds the layer identified by the specified ID in the desired display.
-    [[nodiscard]] const VI::Layer* FindLayer(u64 display_id, u64 layer_id) const;
-
     /// Finds the layer identified by the specified ID in the desired display,
     /// or creates the layer if it is not found.
     /// To be used when the system expects the specified ID to already exist.
diff --git a/src/core/hle/service/pctl/pctl_module.cpp b/src/core/hle/service/pctl/pctl_module.cpp
index 938330dd0..6a7fd72bc 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/service/pctl/pctl_module.cpp
+++ b/src/core/hle/service/pctl/pctl_module.cpp
@@ -141,6 +141,12 @@ public:
             service_context.CreateEvent("IParentalControlService::RequestSuspensionEvent");
     }
 
+    ~IParentalControlService() {
+        service_context.CloseEvent(synchronization_event);
+        service_context.CloseEvent(unlinked_event);
+        service_context.CloseEvent(request_suspension_event);
+    };
+
 private:
     bool CheckFreeCommunicationPermissionImpl() const {
         if (states.temporary_unlocked) {
diff --git a/src/core/hle/service/pm/pm.cpp b/src/core/hle/service/pm/pm.cpp
index f9cf2dda3..d92499f05 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/service/pm/pm.cpp
+++ b/src/core/hle/service/pm/pm.cpp
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ std::optional<Kernel::KProcess*> SearchProcessList(
 void GetApplicationPidGeneric(HLERequestContext& ctx,
                               const std::vector<Kernel::KProcess*>& process_list) {
     const auto process = SearchProcessList(process_list, [](const auto& proc) {
-        return proc->GetProcessId() == Kernel::KProcess::ProcessIDMin;
+        return proc->GetProcessId() == Kernel::KProcess::ProcessIdMin;
     });
 
     IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 4};
diff --git a/src/core/hle/service/sockets/bsd.cpp b/src/core/hle/service/sockets/bsd.cpp
index 85849d5f3..dd652ca42 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/service/sockets/bsd.cpp
+++ b/src/core/hle/service/sockets/bsd.cpp
@@ -39,6 +39,18 @@ bool IsConnectionBased(Type type) {
     }
 }
 
+template <typename T>
+T GetValue(std::span<const u8> buffer) {
+    T t{};
+    std::memcpy(&t, buffer.data(), std::min(sizeof(T), buffer.size()));
+    return t;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+void PutValue(std::span<u8> buffer, const T& t) {
+    std::memcpy(buffer.data(), &t, std::min(sizeof(T), buffer.size()));
+}
+
 } // Anonymous namespace
 
 void BSD::PollWork::Execute(BSD* bsd) {
@@ -316,22 +328,12 @@ void BSD::SetSockOpt(HLERequestContext& ctx) {
     const s32 fd = rp.Pop<s32>();
     const u32 level = rp.Pop<u32>();
     const OptName optname = static_cast<OptName>(rp.Pop<u32>());
-
-    const auto buffer = ctx.ReadBuffer();
-    const u8* optval = buffer.empty() ? nullptr : buffer.data();
-    size_t optlen = buffer.size();
-
-    std::array<u64, 2> values;
-    if ((optname == OptName::SNDTIMEO || optname == OptName::RCVTIMEO) && buffer.size() == 8) {
-        std::memcpy(values.data(), buffer.data(), sizeof(values));
-        optlen = sizeof(values);
-        optval = reinterpret_cast<const u8*>(values.data());
-    }
+    const auto optval = ctx.ReadBuffer();
 
     LOG_DEBUG(Service, "called. fd={} level={} optname=0x{:x} optlen={}", fd, level,
-              static_cast<u32>(optname), optlen);
+              static_cast<u32>(optname), optval.size());
 
-    BuildErrnoResponse(ctx, SetSockOptImpl(fd, level, optname, optlen, optval));
+    BuildErrnoResponse(ctx, SetSockOptImpl(fd, level, optname, optval));
 }
 
 void BSD::Shutdown(HLERequestContext& ctx) {
@@ -521,18 +523,19 @@ std::pair<s32, Errno> BSD::SocketImpl(Domain domain, Type type, Protocol protoco
 
 std::pair<s32, Errno> BSD::PollImpl(std::vector<u8>& write_buffer, std::span<const u8> read_buffer,
                                     s32 nfds, s32 timeout) {
-    if (write_buffer.size() < nfds * sizeof(PollFD)) {
-        return {-1, Errno::INVAL};
-    }
-
-    if (nfds == 0) {
+    if (nfds <= 0) {
         // When no entries are provided, -1 is returned with errno zero
         return {-1, Errno::SUCCESS};
     }
+    if (read_buffer.size() < nfds * sizeof(PollFD)) {
+        return {-1, Errno::INVAL};
+    }
+    if (write_buffer.size() < nfds * sizeof(PollFD)) {
+        return {-1, Errno::INVAL};
+    }
 
-    const size_t length = std::min(read_buffer.size(), write_buffer.size());
     std::vector<PollFD> fds(nfds);
-    std::memcpy(fds.data(), read_buffer.data(), length);
+    std::memcpy(fds.data(), read_buffer.data(), nfds * sizeof(PollFD));
 
     if (timeout >= 0) {
         const s64 seconds = timeout / 1000;
@@ -580,7 +583,7 @@ std::pair<s32, Errno> BSD::PollImpl(std::vector<u8>& write_buffer, std::span<con
     for (size_t i = 0; i < num; ++i) {
         fds[i].revents = Translate(host_pollfds[i].revents);
     }
-    std::memcpy(write_buffer.data(), fds.data(), length);
+    std::memcpy(write_buffer.data(), fds.data(), nfds * sizeof(PollFD));
 
     return Translate(result);
 }
@@ -608,8 +611,7 @@ std::pair<s32, Errno> BSD::AcceptImpl(s32 fd, std::vector<u8>& write_buffer) {
     new_descriptor.is_connection_based = descriptor.is_connection_based;
 
     const SockAddrIn guest_addr_in = Translate(result.sockaddr_in);
-    const size_t length = std::min(sizeof(guest_addr_in), write_buffer.size());
-    std::memcpy(write_buffer.data(), &guest_addr_in, length);
+    PutValue(write_buffer, guest_addr_in);
 
     return {new_fd, Errno::SUCCESS};
 }
@@ -619,8 +621,7 @@ Errno BSD::BindImpl(s32 fd, std::span<const u8> addr) {
         return Errno::BADF;
     }
     ASSERT(addr.size() == sizeof(SockAddrIn));
-    SockAddrIn addr_in;
-    std::memcpy(&addr_in, addr.data(), sizeof(addr_in));
+    auto addr_in = GetValue<SockAddrIn>(addr);
 
     return Translate(file_descriptors[fd]->socket->Bind(Translate(addr_in)));
 }
@@ -631,8 +632,7 @@ Errno BSD::ConnectImpl(s32 fd, std::span<const u8> addr) {
     }
 
     UNIMPLEMENTED_IF(addr.size() != sizeof(SockAddrIn));
-    SockAddrIn addr_in;
-    std::memcpy(&addr_in, addr.data(), sizeof(addr_in));
+    auto addr_in = GetValue<SockAddrIn>(addr);
 
     return Translate(file_descriptors[fd]->socket->Connect(Translate(addr_in)));
 }
@@ -650,7 +650,7 @@ Errno BSD::GetPeerNameImpl(s32 fd, std::vector<u8>& write_buffer) {
 
     ASSERT(write_buffer.size() >= sizeof(guest_addrin));
     write_buffer.resize(sizeof(guest_addrin));
-    std::memcpy(write_buffer.data(), &guest_addrin, sizeof(guest_addrin));
+    PutValue(write_buffer, guest_addrin);
     return Translate(bsd_errno);
 }
 
@@ -667,7 +667,7 @@ Errno BSD::GetSockNameImpl(s32 fd, std::vector<u8>& write_buffer) {
 
     ASSERT(write_buffer.size() >= sizeof(guest_addrin));
     write_buffer.resize(sizeof(guest_addrin));
-    std::memcpy(write_buffer.data(), &guest_addrin, sizeof(guest_addrin));
+    PutValue(write_buffer, guest_addrin);
     return Translate(bsd_errno);
 }
 
@@ -725,7 +725,7 @@ Errno BSD::GetSockOptImpl(s32 fd, u32 level, OptName optname, std::vector<u8>& o
                 optval.size() == sizeof(Errno), { return Errno::INVAL; },
                 "Incorrect getsockopt option size");
             optval.resize(sizeof(Errno));
-            memcpy(optval.data(), &translated_pending_err, sizeof(Errno));
+            PutValue(optval, translated_pending_err);
         }
         return Translate(getsockopt_err);
     }
@@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ Errno BSD::GetSockOptImpl(s32 fd, u32 level, OptName optname, std::vector<u8>& o
     }
 }
 
-Errno BSD::SetSockOptImpl(s32 fd, u32 level, OptName optname, size_t optlen, const void* optval) {
+Errno BSD::SetSockOptImpl(s32 fd, u32 level, OptName optname, std::span<const u8> optval) {
     if (!IsFileDescriptorValid(fd)) {
         return Errno::BADF;
     }
@@ -748,17 +748,15 @@ Errno BSD::SetSockOptImpl(s32 fd, u32 level, OptName optname, size_t optlen, con
     Network::SocketBase* const socket = file_descriptors[fd]->socket.get();
 
     if (optname == OptName::LINGER) {
-        ASSERT(optlen == sizeof(Linger));
-        Linger linger;
-        std::memcpy(&linger, optval, sizeof(linger));
+        ASSERT(optval.size() == sizeof(Linger));
+        auto linger = GetValue<Linger>(optval);
         ASSERT(linger.onoff == 0 || linger.onoff == 1);
 
         return Translate(socket->SetLinger(linger.onoff != 0, linger.linger));
     }
 
-    ASSERT(optlen == sizeof(u32));
-    u32 value;
-    std::memcpy(&value, optval, sizeof(value));
+    ASSERT(optval.size() == sizeof(u32));
+    auto value = GetValue<u32>(optval);
 
     switch (optname) {
     case OptName::REUSEADDR:
@@ -862,7 +860,7 @@ std::pair<s32, Errno> BSD::RecvFromImpl(s32 fd, u32 flags, std::vector<u8>& mess
         } else {
             ASSERT(addr.size() == sizeof(SockAddrIn));
             const SockAddrIn result = Translate(addr_in);
-            std::memcpy(addr.data(), &result, sizeof(result));
+            PutValue(addr, result);
         }
     }
 
@@ -886,8 +884,7 @@ std::pair<s32, Errno> BSD::SendToImpl(s32 fd, u32 flags, std::span<const u8> mes
     Network::SockAddrIn* p_addr_in = nullptr;
     if (!addr.empty()) {
         ASSERT(addr.size() == sizeof(SockAddrIn));
-        SockAddrIn guest_addr_in;
-        std::memcpy(&guest_addr_in, addr.data(), sizeof(guest_addr_in));
+        auto guest_addr_in = GetValue<SockAddrIn>(addr);
         addr_in = Translate(guest_addr_in);
         p_addr_in = &addr_in;
     }
diff --git a/src/core/hle/service/sockets/bsd.h b/src/core/hle/service/sockets/bsd.h
index 161f22b9b..4f69d382c 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/service/sockets/bsd.h
+++ b/src/core/hle/service/sockets/bsd.h
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ private:
     Errno ListenImpl(s32 fd, s32 backlog);
     std::pair<s32, Errno> FcntlImpl(s32 fd, FcntlCmd cmd, s32 arg);
     Errno GetSockOptImpl(s32 fd, u32 level, OptName optname, std::vector<u8>& optval);
-    Errno SetSockOptImpl(s32 fd, u32 level, OptName optname, size_t optlen, const void* optval);
+    Errno SetSockOptImpl(s32 fd, u32 level, OptName optname, std::span<const u8> optval);
     Errno ShutdownImpl(s32 fd, s32 how);
     std::pair<s32, Errno> RecvImpl(s32 fd, u32 flags, std::vector<u8>& message);
     std::pair<s32, Errno> RecvFromImpl(s32 fd, u32 flags, std::vector<u8>& message,
diff --git a/src/core/reporter.cpp b/src/core/reporter.cpp
index ed875d444..5d168cbc1 100644
--- a/src/core/reporter.cpp
+++ b/src/core/reporter.cpp
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ json GetProcessorStateDataAuto(Core::System& system) {
     Core::ARM_Interface::ThreadContext64 context{};
     arm.SaveContext(context);
 
-    return GetProcessorStateData(process->Is64BitProcess() ? "AArch64" : "AArch32",
+    return GetProcessorStateData(process->Is64Bit() ? "AArch64" : "AArch32",
                                  GetInteger(process->GetEntryPoint()), context.sp, context.pc,
                                  context.pstate, context.cpu_registers);
 }